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Reactivation of an Inactive Human X Chromosome: Evidence for X Inactivation by DNA Methylation
Abstract
A mouse-human somatic cell hybrid clone, deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and containing a structurally normal inactive human X chromosome, was isolated. The hybrid cells were treated with 5-azacytidine and tested for the reactivation and expression of human X-linked genes. The frequency of HPRT-positive clones after 5-azacytidine treatment was 1000-fold greater than that observed in untreated hybrid cells. Fourteen independent HPRT-positive clones were isolated and analyzed for the expression of human X markers. Isoelectric focusing showed that the HPRT expressed in these clones is human. One of the 14 clones expressed human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and another expressed human phosphoglycerate kinase. Since 5-azacytidine treatment results in hypomethylation of DNA, DNA methylation may be a mechanism of human X chromosome inactivation.
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Cellular differentiation, cytidine analogs and DNA methylation
Jones, P. A., & Taylor, S. M. (1980) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90237-8 · Cited by 1,831
Cited by
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Bird, A. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.947102 · Cited by 7,124
Jaenisch, R., & Bird, A. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1089 · Cited by 6,325
The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer
Jones, P. A., & Baylin, S. B. (2002) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg816 · Cited by 5,648
Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy
Egger, G., Liang, G., Aparicio, A., & Jones, P. A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02625 · Cited by 3,232
DNA methylation landscapes: Provocative insights from epigenomics
Suzuki, M. M., & Bird, A. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2341 · Cited by 3,039
Metadata
- Authors
- Mohandas, T., Sparkes, R. S., & Shapiro, L. J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1981-01-23
- Volume
- 211
- Issue
- 4480
- Pages
- 393-396
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1969883059
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 20.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reactivation of an Inactive Human X Chromosome: Evidence for X Inactivation by DNA Methylation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.6164095
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- Mohandas, T., Sparkes, R. S., & Shapiro, L. J. (1981). Reactivation of an Inactive Human X Chromosome: Evidence for X Inactivation by DNA Methylation. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6164095
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