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Electrostatic Effects in Proteins
Abstract
Electrostatic effects dominate many aspects of protein behavior. When polypeptide chains fold up, most polar side chains seek the exterior, where they can be solvated. Water bound in the interior has been found between the domains of enzymes of the chymotrypsin family, and between the subunits of hemoglobin and tobacco mosaic virus protein. Assembly of this protein from disk to virus is triggered by electrostatic interactions between neighboring subunits. Lysozyme stabilizes the constellation of charges involved in the transition state of its substrate by both permanent and induced dipoles. All factors that lower the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin act by strengthening the salt bridges that constrain its quaternary deoxy (T) structure. Enzymes of thermophile bacteria owe their extra stability mostly to additional salt bridges. The rate of denaturation of hemoglobins by alkali is determined by the ionization of internal side chains with pK 's of about 12.
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Cited by
Electrostatic recognition between superoxide and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase
Getzoff, E. D., Tainer, J. A., Weiner, P. K., Kollman, P. A., Richardson, J. S., & Richardson, D. C. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/306287a0 · Cited by 554
Multiscale Modeling of Biological Functions: From Enzymes to Molecular Machines (Nobel Lecture)
Warshel, A. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201403689 · Cited by 245
“Although this elusive origin of catalysis was not envisioned during our studies at the MRC, I had benefited from the general feeling that it should be somehow associated with electrostatic effects (see Max Perutz’ insightful review [27]).”
BackgroundKohn, W. D., Kay, C. M., & Hodges, R. S. (1995) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.5560040210 · Cited by 124
Stability of responsive polymer–protein bioconjugates
Shakya, A. K., Sami, H., Srivastava, A., & Kumar, A. (2010) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.01.003 · Cited by 110
Vallée, R. A. L., Van Der Auweraer, M., De Schryver, F. C., Beljonne, D., & Orrit, M. (2005) · ChemPhysChem · doi:10.1002/cphc.200400439 · Cited by 59
Adrian Parsegian, V. (1982) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/0001-8686(82)85005-7 · Cited by 29
Biophysical characterization of high-confidence, small human proteins
Whited, A. M., Jungreis, I., Allen, J., Cleveland, C. L., Mudge, J. M., Kellis, M., Rinn, J. L., & Hough, L. E. (2024) · Biophysical Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100167 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Perutz, M. F.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1978-09-29
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 4362
- Pages
- 1187-1191
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2040351161
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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