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Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism of Presynaptic Blockade
Abstract
The mechanism of action of botulinum toxin was analyzed by the use of calcium ionophores and black widow spider venom. Addition of calcium ionophores to nerve-muscle preparations blocked by botulinum toxin did not increase the frequency of miniature end plate potentials. However, the spider venom elicited a barrage of miniature end plate potentials after blockade by botulinum. Electron micrographs of preparations treated with botulinum toxin and then the spider venom revealed clumping of synaptic vesicles at release sites in the otherwise depleted nerve terminals. These findings indicate that the action of botulinum toxin is not due to deficient storage of acetylcholine in vesicles or blockade of calcium entry into nerve terminals. They suggest that the toxin interferes with the acetylcholine release process itself, possibly by blocking exocytosis at the release sites.
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Cited by
Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm
Brin, M. F., Fahn, S., Moskowitz, C., Friedman, A., Shale, H. M., Greene, P. E., Blitzer, A., List, T., Lange, D., Lovelace, R. E., et al. (1987) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870020402 · Cited by 417
Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: A double‐blind study
Snow, B. J., Tsui, J. K. C., Bhatt, M. H., Varelas, M., Hashimoto, S. A., & Calne, D. B. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280407 · Cited by 414
Neural factors regulate AChR subunit mRNAs at rat neuromuscular synapses.
Witzemann, V, Brenner, H. R., & Sakmann, B. (1991) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.114.1.125 · Cited by 257
Muscle‐bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco‐osteoporosis
Li, G., Zhang, L., Wang, D., AIQudsy, L., Jiang, J. X., Xu, H., & Shang, P. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.28946 · Cited by 166
Metadata
- Authors
- Kao, I., Drachman, D. B., & Price, D. L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1976-09-24
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 4259
- Pages
- 1256-1258
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1991080184
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Kao, I., Drachman, D. B., & Price, D. L. (1976). Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism of Presynaptic Blockade. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.785600
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
