CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 649Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex

Carandini, Matteo, Heeger, David J.·1994·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.8191289
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recordings from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) were used to test a model for the visually driven responses of simple cells. According to the model, simple cells compute a linear sum of the responses of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. In addition, each simple cell's linear response is divided by the pooled activity of a large number of other simple cells. The cell membrane performs both operations; synaptic currents are summed and then divided by the total membrane conductance. Current and conductance are decoupled (by a complementary arrangement of excitation and inhibition) so that current depends only on the LGN inputs and conductance depends only on the cortical inputs. Closed form expressions were derived for fitting and interpreting physiological data. The model accurately predicted responses to drifting grating stimuli of various contrasts, orientations, and spatiotemporal frequencies.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.8191289

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. GROSSBERG, S, NEURAL NETWORKS 1: 17 (1988).
  2. Koch, C., Synaptic Function: 637 (1987).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Computational modelling of visual attention

    Itti, L., & Koch, C. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35058500 · Cited by 4,733

    “…a given broad feature dimension, however, strong local interactions between filters sensitive to different properties of that feature (for example, between different orientations within the broad orientation feature) have been precisely characterized, both in physiology 60 and psy-chophysics 45 .”
    Background

  • Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human V1

    Boynton, G., Engel, S., Glover, G., & Heeger, D. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-13-04207.1996 · Cited by 2,522

    “Although the transformation from stimulus to neural activity is not known exactly, reasonable quantitative models do exist, especially for V1 (Heeger, 1992, 1993; Carandini and Heeger, 1994).”
    BackgroundSelf-citation

  • Normalization as a canonical neural computation

    Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3136 · Cited by 1,906

    “Indeed, the normalization model was first developed to account for the physiological responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1”
    MethodSelf-citation

  • Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior

    Knudsen, E. I. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042304796 · Cited by 1,842

    “Inhibitory networks become powerful and organized so that they suppress alternative patterns of excitation (Galarreta & Hestrin, 2001; Zheng & Knudsen, 2001; Hensch et al., 1998; Carandini & Heeger, 1994).”
    Background

  • How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity

    Isaacson, J. S., & Scanziani, M. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.027 · Cited by 1,678

    “…visual cortex offer a classical example of gain modulation, where two independent properties of a visual stimulus, contrast, and orientation, interact in a multiplicative manner in generating spike output (Anderson et al., 2000; Carandini and Heeger, 1994; Miller, 2003; Sclar and Freeman, 1982).”

See all 649

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J.
Affiliations
New York University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1994-05-27
Volume
264
Issue
5163
Pages
1333-1336
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.8191289
OpenAlex
W2038718814
Cited by
649
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 31
FWCI
9.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r29mh050228-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (1-R29-MH-50228-01)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
primary visual cortex, simple cells, lateral geniculate nucleus, synaptic summation, membrane conductance, excitation-inhibition balance, contrast sensitivity, orientation selectivity, monkey visual cortex
MeSH terms
Animals, Electric Conductivity, Geniculate Bodies, Macaca, Membrane Potentials, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Synapses, Visual Cortex

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review