Normalization of cell responses in cat striate cortex
Abstract
Simple cells in the striate cortex have been depicted as half-wave-rectified linear operators. Complex cells have been depicted as energy mechanisms, constructed from the squared sum of the outputs of quadrature pairs of linear operators. However, the linear/energy model falls short of a complete explanation of striate cell responses. In this paper, a modified version of the linear/energy model is presented in which striate cells mutually inhibit one another, effectively normalizing their responses with respect to stimulus contrast. This paper reviews experimental measurements of striate cell responses, and shows that the new model explains a significantly larger body of physiological data.
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The spatial quality in (3) is closely related to contrast gain control models that use divisive normalization to model the response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex.
“The spatial quality in (3) is closely related to contrast gain control models that use divisive normalization to model the response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex [65], [67], [66].”
From Motion Tuned Spatio-Temporal Quality Assessment of Natural Videos (2010) · cites this paper as [65]
The constants C1, C2, C3 serve to stabilize the computation in regions of low signal energy and are included in most divisive normalization models.
“The constants serve to stabilize the computation in these regions and are included in most divisive normalization models [65], [67], [24], [64], [68].”
From Motion Tuned Spatio-Temporal Quality Assessment of Natural Videos (2010) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Heeger, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heeger, David J.
- ORCID
- Heeger, David J.
- Venue
- Visual Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Maximum Academic Press
- Published
- 1992-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-197
- ISSN
- 0952-5238 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8714
- OpenAlex
- W2170319235
- Cited by
- 1,835
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 85
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Visual Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- MIT Media Lab
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- primary visual cortex, simple cells, complex cells, reciprocal inhibition, stimulus contrast, cat visual system, receptive field models, half-wave rectification
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Ocular, Animals, Cats, Mathematics, Models, Biological, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Contrast Sensitivity
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