The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance
Open accessAbstract
Resistance on a background of tolerance: Bacteria survive antibiotic exposure either because they are quiescent when antibiotics are around in the highest concentrations (i.e., tolerance) or because they acquire active biochemical resistance mechanisms (i.e., resistance). Both tolerance and resistance involve the acquisition of mutations from the wild type. Levin-Reisman et al. used in vitro evolution experiments to show that populations of bacteria that become genetically resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin most quickly do so on a background of tolerance mutations (see the Perspective by Lewis and Shan). Because the probability of a tolerant organism surviving is higher, it has a greater chance of subsequently acquiring resistance mutations. Tolerance is often overlooked in the clinic but should in future be screened for and targeted more precisely to reduce the rates of acquired resistance. Science , this issue p. 826 ; see also p. 796
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bacterial Persistence as a Phenotypic Switch
Balaban, N. Q., Merrin, J., Chait, R., Kowalik, L., & Leibler, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099390 · Cited by 2,952
Self-citationPersister cells, dormancy and infectious disease
Lewis, K. (2007) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1557 · Cited by 2,052
Evolution Experiments with Microorganisms: The Dynamics and Genetic Bases of Adaptation
Elena, S. F., & Lenski, R. E. (2003) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1088 · Cited by 1,386
Bacterial charity work leads to population-wide resistance
Lee, H. H., Molla, M. N., Cantor, C. R., & Collins, J. J. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09354 · Cited by 638
ScanLag: High-throughput Quantification of Colony Growth and Lag Time
Levin-Reisman, I., Fridman, O., & Balaban, N. Q. (2014) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/51456 · Cited by 64
Self-citation
Cited by
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited
Darby, E. M., Trampari, E., Siasat, P., Gaya, M. S., Alav, I., Webber, M. A., & Blair, J. M. A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00820-y · Cited by 1,398
Definitions and guidelines for research on antibiotic persistence
Balaban, N. Q., Helaine, S., Lewis, K., Ackermann, M., Aldridge, B., Andersson, D. I., Brynildsen, M. P., Bumann, D., Camilli, A., Collins, J. J., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0196-3 · Cited by 1,313
Self-citationPersistent bacterial infections and persister cells
Fisher, R. A., Gollan, B., & Helaine, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.42 · Cited by 1,243
Antibiotic resistance and persistence—implications for human health and treatment perspectives
Huemer, M., Mairpady Shambat, S., Brugger, S. D., & Zinkernagel, A. S. (2020) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202051034 · Cited by 850
Surviving as a Community: Antibiotic Tolerance and Persistence in Bacterial Biofilms
Yan, J., & Bassler, B. L. (2019) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.06.002 · Cited by 747
Metadata
- Authors
- Levin-Reisman, I., Ronin, I., Gefen, O., Braniss, I., Shoresh, N., & Balaban, N. Q.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-02-24
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 6327
- Pages
- 826-830
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2586590237
- Cited by
- 1,251
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 59.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.aaj2191
- The paper
- Levin-Reisman, I., Ronin, I., Gefen, O., Braniss, I., Shoresh, N., & Balaban, N. Q. (2017). Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaj2191
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
