Linking glutamate receptor movements and synapse function
Abstract
Regulation of neurotransmitter receptor content at synapses is achieved through a dynamic equilibrium between biogenesis and degradation pathways, receptor stabilization at synaptic sites, and receptor trafficking in and out synapses. In the past 20 years, the movements of receptors to and from synapses have emerged as a series of highly regulated processes that mediate postsynaptic plasticity. Our understanding of the properties and roles of receptor movements has benefited from technological advances in receptor labeling and tracking capacities, as well as from new methods to interfere with their movements. Focusing on two key glutamatergic receptors, we review here our latest understanding of the characteristics of receptor movements and their role in tuning the efficacy of synaptic transmission in health and brain disease.
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Many synaptic proteins are remarkably dynamic, including AMPARs, NMDARs, CaMKII, and scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95.
“These studies show that many synaptic proteins are remarkably dynamic, including AMPARs (237, 249, 327, 328), NMDARs (329), CaMKII (330), and scaffolding proteins, such as PSD-95 (331).”
From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [329]
AMPARs are abundant on the extrasynaptic membrane and freely diffuse into and out of the PSD.
“It is generally accepted that AMPARs are abundant on the extrasynaptic membrane and freely diffuse into and out of the PSD (329).”
From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [329]
Cites
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“, typically ~30% for AMPARs (9)], most glutamate receptors are concentrated at synapses, with a ratio of synaptic to extrasynaptic receptor >10 (45).”
BackgroundRegulation of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-β
Snyder, E. M., Nong, Y., Almeida, C. G., Paul, S., Moran, T., Choi, E. Y., Nairn, A. C., Salter, M. W., Lombroso, P. J., Gouras, G. K., et al. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1503 · Cited by 1,561 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Alterations inNMDAR surface trafficking have also been reported in various models of neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as fragile X syndrome (96), Huntington’s disease (97), Alzheimer’s disease (98), and addiction (99).”
BackgroundA trans-synaptic nanocolumn aligns neurotransmitter release to receptors
Tang, A.-H., Chen, H., Li, T. P., Metzbower, S. R., MacGillavry, H. D., & Blanpied, T. A. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19058 · Cited by 677 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The high fraction of exchange between synaptic and extrasynaptic pools of receptors, as well as the existence of these intrasynaptic movements, has far-reaching functional consequences, particularly given their exquisite regulation by neuronal activity and the recently characterized nanoscale subsynaptic organization…”
BackgroundRegulation of AMPA receptor lateral movements
Borgdorff, A. J., & Choquet, D. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00780 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Self-citationAshby, M. C., Maier, S. R., Nishimune, A., & Henley, J. M. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1235-06.2006 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
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Self-citationMyosin motors at neuronal synapses: drivers of membrane transport and actin dynamics
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Nicoll, R. A., & Schulman, H. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2022 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“These studies show that many synaptic proteins are remarkably dynamic, including AMPARs (237, 249, 327, 328), NMDARs (329), CaMKII (330), and scaffolding proteins, such as PSD-95 (331).”
BackgroundThe needs of a synapse—How local organelles serve synaptic proteostasis
Grochowska, K. M., Andres‐Alonso, M., Karpova, A., & Kreutz, M. R. (2022) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2021110057 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Xie, M., Wang, T., Feng, J., Ma, D., Feng, L., & Hao, Y. (2025) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x23666250225091729 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Groc, L., & Choquet, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Groc, Laurent
- Choquet, Daniel
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-06-12
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 6496
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3034798869
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council (787340)
- Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0019)
- Conseil regional de nouvelle aquitaine
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- glutamate receptors, receptor trafficking, synaptic plasticity, receptor biogenesis, receptor degradation, receptor stabilization, glutamatergic synapses
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Receptors, Glutamate
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