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Quantum walks on a programmable two-dimensional 62-qubit superconducting processor
Open accessAbstract
Simulating quantum walkers: Quantum walks are the quantum mechanical analogs of classical random walks, describing the propagation of a quantum walker across a lattice, and find application in developing algorithms for simulating quantum many-body systems. Gong et al. used an 8-by-8 two-dimensional (2D) superconducting qubit square lattice containing 62 functional qubits to show how multiple (two) walkers traverse a 2D qubit array, interfering as they go. The authors were also able to program the paths that the walkers follow, demonstrating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a single or multiple quantum walkers coherently traverse two paths before interfering and exiting at a single port. The results illustrate the potential for superconducting-based quantum processors in simulating large-scale quantum systems. Science , abg7812, this issue p. 948
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“Recent works reported 2D continuous-time quantum walks of correlated photons, relying on arrays of coupled waveguides 21,38,52 , and important results have been also achieved by means of superconductive quantum processors 6 .”
From Quantum walks of two correlated photons in a 2D synthetic lattice (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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“[18] dealing with quantum walks on the 62-qubit superconducting quantum processor.”
BackgroundFeng, W., Zhang, G.-Q., Su, Q.-P., Zhang, J., & Yang, C. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.064036 · Cited by 18
Link Prediction with Continuous-Time Classical and Quantum Walks
Goldsmith, M., Saarinen, H., García-Pérez, G., Malmi, J., Rossi, M. A. C., & Maniscalco, S. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25050730 · Cited by 18
“Continuous-time quantum walks have already been implemented on various physical platforms [24], including optical setups [25–29] and superconducting devices [30,31], and they can also be simulated on gate-based quantum computers [32,33].”
BackgroundTenCirChem: An Efficient Quantum Computational Chemistry Package for the NISQ Era
Li, W., Allcock, J., Cheng, L., Zhang, S., Chen, Y., Mailoa, J. P., Shuai, Z., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00319 · Cited by 20
“ry(1, theta=params[3]) 15 return c Code Snippet 11.”
BackgroundPhotonic quantum walk with ultrafast time-bin encoding
Fenwick, K. L., Bouchard, F., Thekkadath, G., England, D. G., Bustard, P. J., Heshami, K., & Sussman, B. (2024) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.510312 · Cited by 18
“Various other physical systems have been used to perform QWs, such as atoms [13], trapped ions [14, 15], nuclear magnetic resonance [16], and superconducting qubits [17], but, due to the interference present in QWs, photonic systems lend themselves naturally to the task.”
MethodUnif-NTT: A Unified Hardware Design of Forward and Inverse NTT for PQC Algorithms
Hummdi, A. Y., Aljaedi, A., Bassfar, Z., Jamal, S. S., Hazzazi, M. M., & Rehman, M. U. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3425813 · Cited by 20
“The leading research and development labs by Google and IBM have (already) developed quantum computers [4], [5].”
BackgroundQuantum Weakest Preconditions for Reasoning about Expected Runtimes of Quantum Programs
Liu, J., Zhou, L., Barthe, G., & Ying, M. (2022) · ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) · doi:10.1145/3531130.3533327 · Cited by 20
“Over the last few years, one has seen exciting progress in quantum computing hardware, such as Google’s 53-qubit Sycamore [5], IBM Q [13] and USTC’s 62-qubit Zu Chongzhi [16].”
Two-qubit gate using conditional driving for highly detuned Kerr nonlinear parametric oscillators
Chono, H., Kanao, T., & Goto, H. (2022) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043054 · Cited by 21
Does Qubit Connectivity Impact Quantum Circuit Complexity?
Yuan, P., Allcock, J., & Zhang, S. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3311734 · Cited by 19
“3) Grid n 1 , n 2 n 1 n 2 : Google’s Sycamore chip [3], [34], USTC’s Zuchongzhi chip [4].”
BackgroundLong-Range Z Z Interaction via Resonator-Induced Phase in Superconducting Qubits
Deng, X. B., Zheng, W., Liao, X., Zhou, H., Ge, Y., Zhao, J., Lan, D., Tan, X., Zhang, Y., Li, S., et al. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.020801 · Cited by 20
Self-citationCheng, D., Peng, B., Xiao, M., Chen, X., Yuan, L., & Fan, S. (2022) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.l201105 · Cited by 17
Control and mitigation of microwave crosstalk effect with superconducting qubits
Wang, R., Zhao, P., Jin, Y., & Yu, H. (2022) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0115393 · Cited by 16
Robust quantum walk search without knowing the number of marked vertices
Xu, Y., Zhang, D., & Li, L. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.052207 · Cited by 18
Self-citationLiang, G.-H., Song, X., Deng, C.-L., Gu, X.-Y., Yan, Y., Mei, Z.-Y., Zhao, S.-L., Bu, Y.-Z., Xiao, Y.-X., Yu, Y.-H., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.20.044028 · Cited by 16
“[9] Ming Gong, Shiyu Wang, Chen Zha, Ming-Cheng Chen,”
Disease gene prioritization with quantum walks
Saarinen, H., Goldsmith, M., Wang, R., Loscalzo, J., & Maniscalco, S. (2024) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae513 · Cited by 18
“…approach to diseases has already demonstrated its effectiveness for multiple diseases (Petrochilos et al. 2013, Sharma et al. 2015, Lee et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2021, Kumar and Ramanathan 2023, Pandey and Loscalzo 2023), it is of utmost importance to develop and elaborate on methods that identify…”
Tamate, S., Tabuchi, Y., & Nakamura, Y. (2021) · IEICE Transactions on Electronics · doi:10.1587/transele.2021sep0007 · Cited by 16
Sharing quantum nonlocality in star network scenarios
Zhang, T., Jing, N., & Fei, S.-M. (2023) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-022-1242-6 · Cited by 17
Multi-particle quantum walks on 3D integrated photonic chip
Zhou, W.-H., Wang, X.-W., Ren, R.-J., Fu, Y.-X., Chang, Y.-J., Xu, X.-Y., Tang, H., & Jin, X.-M. (2024) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01627-7 · Cited by 16
“Quantum walks have been demonstrated on various physical platforms, including trapped neutral atoms 19 , trapped ions 20 – 22 , nuclear magnetic resonance 23 , superconducting systems 24,25 , and bulk and fi ber optics 26,27 .”
BackgroundCryogenic Multiplexing Control Chip for a Superconducting Quantum Processor
Huang, R., Geng, X., Wu, X., Dai, G., Yang, L., Liu, J., & Chen, W. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.064046 · Cited by 15
Controlled flow of excitations in a ring-shaped network of Rydberg atoms
Perciavalle, F., Rossini, D., Haug, T., Morsch, O., & Luigi Amico, A. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.023305 · Cited by 15
Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED
Tečer, M., Liberto, M. F. D., Silvi, P., Montangero, S., Romanato, F., & Calajò, G. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602 · Cited by 16
Quantum Artificial Intelligence Scalability in the NISQ Era: Pathways to Quantum Utility
Moreau, G. S., Pisani, L., Profir, M., Podda, C., Leoni, L., & Cao, G. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202400716 · Cited by 20
Parity Quantum Optimization: Encoding Constraints
Drieb-Schön, M., Ender, K., Javanmard, Y., & Lechner, W. (2023) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2023-03-17-951 · Cited by 25
Quantum separability criteria based on realignment moments
Zhang, T., Jing, N., & Fei, S.-M. (2022) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-022-03630-6 · Cited by 15
Strategies to simulate dephasing-assisted quantum transport on digital quantum computers
Gallina, F., Bruschi, M., & Fresch, B. (2022) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ac512f · Cited by 15
“trapped ions [9], neutral atoms in optical traps [10] and excitation in superconducting circuits [11].”
BackgroundAn Assessment of the U.S. and Chinese Industrial Bases in Quantum Technology
Parker, E., Gonzales, D., Kochhar, A., Litterer, S., O'Connor, K., Schmid, J., Scholl, K., Silberglitt, R., Chang, J., Eusebi, C. A., et al. (2022) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rra869-1 · Cited by 14
Emergence of steady quantum transport in a superconducting processor
Zhang, P., Gao, Y., Xu, X., Wang, N., Dong, H., Guo, C., Deng, J., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Xu, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54332-9 · Cited by 14
Self-citationImpact of the form of weighted networks on the quantum extreme reservoir computation
Hayashi, A., Sakurai, A., Nishio, S., Munro, W. J., & Nemoto, K. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.042609 · Cited by 13
Self-citationDeterministic generation of shaped single microwave photons using a parametrically driven coupler
Yang, J., Eriksson, A. M., Aamir, M. A., Strandberg, I., Castillo-Moreno, C., Lozano, D. P., Persson, P., & Gasparinetti, S. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.20.054018 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Gong, M., Wang, S., Zha, C., Chen, M.-C., Huang, H.-L., Wu, Y., Zhu, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, S., Guo, S., Qian, H., Ye, Y., Chen, F., Ying, C., Yu, J., Fan, D., Wu, D., Su, H., Deng, H., Rong, H., Zhang, K., Cao, S., Lin, J., Xu, Y., Sun, L., Guo, C., Li, N., Liang, F., Bastidas, V. M., Nemoto, K., Munro, W. J., Huo, Y.-H., Lu, C.-Y., Peng, C.-Z., Zhu, X., & Pan, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- NTT (Japan) (JP)
- National Institute of Informatics (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Gong, Ming
- Wang, Shiyu
- Zha, Chen
- Zhu, Xiaobo
- Pan, Jian-Wei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2021-05-28
- Volume
- 372
- Issue
- 6545
- Pages
- 948-952
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3127536809
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 33
- FWCI
- 23.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1462700)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research (2017YFA0304300)
- National Science Foundation of China (11905217, 11774326)
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2019SHZDZX01)
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Provice (2020B0303030001)
- Japanese MEXT Quantum Leap Flagship Program (JPMXS0118069605)
- Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum walks, superconducting qubit arrays, programmable quantum processors, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, two-particle quantum walk, interference fringes, disorder tuning, quantum simulation, noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
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