Light-cone-like spreading of correlations in a quantum many-body system
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In relativistic quantum field theory, information propagation is bounded by the speed of light. No such limit exists in the non-relativistic case, although in real physical systems, short-range interactions may be expected to restrict the propagation of information to finite velocities. The question of how fast correlations can spread in quantum many-body systems has been long studied. The existence of a maximal velocity, known as the Lieb-Robinson bound, has been shown theoretically to exist in several interacting many-body systems (for example, spins on a lattice)--such systems can be regarded as exhibiting an effective light cone that bounds the propagation speed of correlations. The existence of such a 'speed of light' has profound implications for condensed matter physics and quantum information, but has not been observed experimentally. Here we report the time-resolved detection of propagating correlations in an interacting quantum many-body system. By quenching a one-dimensional quantum gas in an optical lattice, we reveal how quasiparticle pairs transport correlations with a finite velocity across the system, resulting in an effective light cone for the quantum dynamics. Our results open perspectives for understanding the relaxation of closed quantum systems far from equilibrium, and for engineering the efficient quantum channels necessary for fast quantum computations.
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This Lieb-Robinson behaviour was recently verified experimentally.
“This behaviour was recently verified experimentally in [278], while the analysis for long range interactions, where such bounds can be violated is found in [118].”
From Quantum speed limits: from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to optimal quantum control (2017) · cites this paper as [278]
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- Authors
- Cheneau, M., Barmettler, P., Poletti, D., Endres, M., Schauß, P., Fukuhara, T., Gross, C., Bloch, I., Kollath, C., & Kuhr, S.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cheneau, Marc
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 481
- Issue
- 7382
- Pages
- 484-487
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1999404512
- Cited by
- 864
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 40.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- Lieb-Robinson bound, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, quench dynamics, nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, closed quantum systems, quantum information propagation, one-dimensional quantum gases
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