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Quantum walks on a programmable two-dimensional 62-qubit superconducting processor
Open accessAbstract
Simulating quantum walkers: Quantum walks are the quantum mechanical analogs of classical random walks, describing the propagation of a quantum walker across a lattice, and find application in developing algorithms for simulating quantum many-body systems. Gong et al. used an 8-by-8 two-dimensional (2D) superconducting qubit square lattice containing 62 functional qubits to show how multiple (two) walkers traverse a 2D qubit array, interfering as they go. The authors were also able to program the paths that the walkers follow, demonstrating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a single or multiple quantum walkers coherently traverse two paths before interfering and exiting at a single port. The results illustrate the potential for superconducting-based quantum processors in simulating large-scale quantum systems. Science , abg7812, this issue p. 948
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“Recent works reported 2D continuous-time quantum walks of correlated photons, relying on arrays of coupled waveguides 21,38,52 , and important results have been also achieved by means of superconductive quantum processors 6 .”
From Quantum walks of two correlated photons in a 2D synthetic lattice (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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Rademacher complexity of noisy quantum circuitsPreprint
Bu, K., Koh, D. E., Li, L., Luo, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.03139 · Cited by 15
“[6] Ming Gong, Shiyu Wang, Chen Zha, Ming-Cheng Chen, HeLiang Huang, Yulin Wu, Qingling Zhu, Youwei Zhao, Shaowei Li, Shaojun Guo, et al.”
BackgroundQuantum information processing with superconducting circuits: A perspective
Wendin, G. P. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90800-9.00226-2 · Cited by 13
Xu, H.-Z., Chai, X., Hu, M., Wang, Z., Feng, Y.-L., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Zhuang, W.-F., Jin, Y., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0947 · Cited by 5
Multipartite high-dimensional quantum state engineering via discrete-time quantum walk
Nie, J., Li, M., & Sun, X. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.032229 · Cited by 5
Borhan, R., Hossain, M. D., Taenaka, Y., & Kadobayashi, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC) · doi:10.1109/qcnc62729.2024.00046 · Cited by 4
“Numerous laboratories worldwide have made significant advancements in developing more powerful quantum computers [4].”
BackgroundSuppressing chaos with mixed superconducting-qubit devices
Blain, B., Marchegiani, G., Luigi Amico, A., & Catelani, G. (2025) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/pl85-jd9y · Cited by 4
“In this 1D platform, the many-body localized to ergodic transition has been studied both experimentally and theoretically [19–22], and recently the experimental capabilities have been extended to lad-ders [23] and 2D arrays [24–29].”
A Flexible and Parallel Hardware Accelerator for Forward and Inverse Number Theoretic Transform
Rashid, M., Khan, S., Sonbul, O. S., & Hwang, S. O. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3509625 · Cited by 4
Controllable non-Hermitian qubit–qubit coupling in superconducting quantum circuit
Wang, H., Zhao, Y.-J., & Xu, X. (2024) · APL Quantum · doi:10.1063/5.0217493 · Cited by 4
Self-citationManipulations of a transmon qubit with a null-biased electro-optic fiber link
Xu, W., Guo, T., Zhang, K., Li, Z., Zhou, T., Zuo, Q., Sheng, Y., Jing, L., Ma, H., Yu, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57820-8 · Cited by 4
“Does this cause any inconvenience and is there any effect on the performance of the qubit?”
Self-citationGate-based circuit designs for quantum adder-inspired quantum random walks on superconducting qubits
Koch, D., Samodurov, M., Projansky, A. M., & Alsing, P. M. (2022) · International Journal of Quantum Information · doi:10.1142/s021974992150043x · Cited by 7
Detecting confined and deconfined spinons in dynamical quantum simulations
Li, Q., Cui, J., & Li, W. (2022) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.013193 · Cited by 4
Feng, W., Shao, D., Zhang, G.-Q., Su, Q.-P., Zhang, J., & Yang, C. (2023) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-023-1319-x · Cited by 4
Quasiparticle dynamics in superconducting quantum-classical hybrid circuits
Liu, K., He, X., Niu, Z., Xue, H., Jiang, W., Ying, L., Peng, W., Maezawa, M., Lin, Z., Xie, X., et al. (2023) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.108.064512 · Cited by 4
Ren, Y.-L., Ma, S.-L., Zippilli, S., Vitali, D., & Li, F. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.033717 · Cited by 4
Yuan, P., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1757 · Cited by 15
“Various constraint graphs exist on real hardware, including path [5, 25], bilinear chains [5, 6], 2D-grids [7, 8], brick walls [5], cycle-grids [26] and trees [5].”
Universal quantum computation using atoms in cross-cavity systems
Solak, L. O. R., Rossatto, D. Z., & Villas-Bôas, C. J. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.062620 · Cited by 4
Scoring Anomalous Vertices Through Quantum Walks
Vlasic, A., & Pham, A. T. (2025) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202400282 · Cited by 4
Nishi, H., Takei, Y., Kosugi, T., Mieda, S., Natsume, Y., Aoyagi, T., & Matsushita, Y. (2025) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.23.034016 · Cited by 4
“In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of qubits for various physical platforms, including superconductivity [30–32], trapped ions [33, 34], and neutral atoms [35–37].”
Qasymeh, M., & Eleuch, H. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20733-3 · Cited by 4
“The state-of-the-art capacity of current superconducting quantum computers is less than 127 qubits [17, 23, 38, 39], and boosting the number of qubits to thousands is very challenging, especially from a heat management standpoint.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gong, M., Wang, S., Zha, C., Chen, M.-C., Huang, H.-L., Wu, Y., Zhu, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, S., Guo, S., Qian, H., Ye, Y., Chen, F., Ying, C., Yu, J., Fan, D., Wu, D., Su, H., Deng, H., Rong, H., Zhang, K., Cao, S., Lin, J., Xu, Y., Sun, L., Guo, C., Li, N., Liang, F., Bastidas, V. M., Nemoto, K., Munro, W. J., Huo, Y.-H., Lu, C.-Y., Peng, C.-Z., Zhu, X., & Pan, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- NTT (Japan) (JP)
- National Institute of Informatics (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Gong, Ming
- Wang, Shiyu
- Zha, Chen
- Zhu, Xiaobo
- Pan, Jian-Wei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2021-05-28
- Volume
- 372
- Issue
- 6545
- Pages
- 948-952
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3127536809
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 33
- FWCI
- 23.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1462700)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research (2017YFA0304300)
- National Science Foundation of China (11905217, 11774326)
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2019SHZDZX01)
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Provice (2020B0303030001)
- Japanese MEXT Quantum Leap Flagship Program (JPMXS0118069605)
- Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum walks, superconducting qubit arrays, programmable quantum processors, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, two-particle quantum walk, interference fringes, disorder tuning, quantum simulation, noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
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