Journals take up arms against AI-written text
Abstract
Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence
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Publishers and funding agencies have put out various policies banning LLMs in peer review, as coauthors, or as an undisclosed resource of any kind.
“publishers and funding agencies have put out various policies, banning LLMs in peer review (49, 50), as coauthors (51), or undisclosed resource of any kind (50).”
From Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
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Sorted by citations
ChatGPT in healthcare: A taxonomy and systematic review
Li, J., Dada, A., Puladi, B., Kleesiek, J., & Egger, J. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108013 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary
Kobak, D., González-Márquez, R., Horvát, E.-Á., & Lause, J. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2406.07016 · Cited by 214
Garg, R. K., Urs, V. L., Agrawal, A. A., Chaudhary, S. K., Paliwal, V. K., & Kar, S. K. (2023) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.34172/hpp.2023.22 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary
Kobak, D., González-Márquez, R., Horvát, E.-Á., & Lause, J. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt3813 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“As a result, publishers and funding agencies have put out various policies, banning LLMs in peer review (Kaiser, 2023; Brainard, 2023), as co-authors (Thorp, 2023), or undis-closed resource of any kind (Brainard, 2023).”
Temsah, O., Khan, S., Chaiah, Y., Senjab, A., Alhasan, K. A., Jamal, A. A., Aljamaan, F., Malki, K. H., Halwani, R., Al‐Tawfiq, J. A., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.37281 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Additionally, the use of ChatGPT raises ethical concerns as it challenges the traditional role of authorship, transparency, and accountability in scientific research [9, 10].”
BackgroundThe use of artificial intelligence to improve the scientific writing of non-native english speakers
Giglio, A. D., & Costa, M. U. P. D. (2023) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20230560 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Potential Use of Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease: Take ChatGPT as an Example
Cheng, K., Li, Z., He, Y., Guo, Q., Lu, Y., Gu, S., & Wu, H. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03203-3 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“In view of this, many institutions have decided to ban the use of ChatGPT in scientific work, which may not effective for this “one size fits all” approach [5].”
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Messer, U. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100056 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
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“…only can ChatGPT and LLMs not be authors of academic papers, but their use (or reliance on them) must be explicitly acknowledged in academic papers (Brainard, 2023), although this relies on a ‘ dangerous ’ precedent, namely total and implicit trust in authors ’ honesty, a topic we discuss in more…”
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“In fact, seemingly convincing, but actually wrong responses from ChatGPT have been reported in various media (Brainard, 2023; Glorioso, 2023; Tayeb, 2023).”
Nelson, A. S., Santamaría, P. V., Javens, J. S., & Ricaurte, M. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15050611 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ng, J. Y., Maduranayagam, S. G., Suthakar, N., Li, A., Lokker, C., Iorio, A., Haynes, R. B., & Moher, D. (2025) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00202-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Rossettini, G., Cook, C. E., Palese, A., Pillastrini, P., & Turolla, A. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12000 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cheng, K., Li, Z., Li, C., Xie, R., Guo, Q., He, Y., & Wu, H. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03207-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Johnstone, R. E., Neely, G. A., & Sizemore, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111185 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
You, Y., Chen, Y., You, Y., Zhang, Q., & Cao, Q. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15129355 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Garg, R. K., Urs, V. L., Agrawal, A. A., Chaudhary, S. K., Paliwal, V. K., & Kar, S. K. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.23291311 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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ChatGPT applications in Academic Research: A Review of Benefits, Concerns, and Recommendations
AlZaabi, A., ALAmri, A., Albalushi, H., Aljabri, R., & AalAbdulsalam, A. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553688 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“7 and the superficiality of the generated content [7], [10], [26]–[30], [35]–[39], [12], [40]–[47], [49], [50], [13], [51], [52], [54], [55], [58]–[60], [62]–[64], [14], [66], [67], [72]–[74], [77], [79], [80], [82], [84], [19], [86], [92], [95], [97]–[99], [102]–[105], [21], [106], [107], [110], [111], [113], [115],…”
Flitcroft, M. A., Sheriff, S. A., Wolfrath, N., Maddula, R., McConnell, L., Xing, Y., Haines, K., Wong, S. L., & Kothari, A. N. (2024) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-024-15549-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“8,9 Several AI content detectors are now publicly available with even more on the horizon.”
Academic journals’ AI policies fail to curb the surge in AI-assisted academic writing
He, Y., & Bu, Y. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2526734123 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Baronchelli, A. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0028 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Filetti, S., Fenza, G., & Gallo, A. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-03977-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Recent debate within the scienti fi c community [1 – 4] highlights potential risks associated with AI tools, such as ChatGPT.”
Scholarly Discourse on GenAI’s Impact on Academic Publishing
Dwivedi, Y. K., Malik, T., Hughes, L., & Albashrawi, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2024.2435386 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Beyond the Keyboard: Academic Writing in the Era of ChatGPT
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Peng, S., Wang, D., Liang, Y., Xiao, W., Zhang, Y., & Liu, L. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03314-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The recent release of ChatGPT by OpenAI has sparked an enormous response in the academic community [2, 3], with several top journals, including Nature, Science, and the New England Journal of Medicine, discussing its impact on medicine [4–7].”
BackgroundPassive Contribution of ChatGPT to Scientific Papers
Rahimi, F., & Abadi, A. T. B. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03260-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Because a unifying and stern policy like that does not exist [22], some journals may consider and accept ChatGPT as a “co-author.””
BackgroundYin, S., Huang, S., Xue, P., Xu, Z., Lian, Z., Ye, C., Ma, S., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Lu, P., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03899-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Revolutionizing Neurosurgery with GPT-4: A Leap Forward or Ethical Conundrum?
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“Recently, esteemed journals such as Nature, Science, and the New England Journal of Medicine have rigorously investigated the benefits, limitations, and risks of ChatGPT and GPT-4 in the medical domain [3, 4, 11, 17, 22].”
BackgroundYang, S., Chen, S.-K., Hailin, Z. H. U., Lin, J., & Wang, X. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103494 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bell, S. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03039-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“These breakthroughs have profound implications for academic writing, attracting the attention of journals worldwide [2].”
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Testing ChatGPT's Ability to Provide Patient and Physician Information on Aortic Aneurysm
Bertges, D. J., Beck, A. W., Schermerhorn, M. L., Eskandari, M. K., Eldrup-Jørgensen, J., Liebscher, S. C., Guinto, R. K., Ferris, M. B., Stanley, A. C., Steinthorsson, G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2025.01.015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fostering Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
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Brave (in a) new world: an ethical perspective on chatbots for medical advice
Erren, T. C., Lewis, P., & Shaw, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1254334 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Erden, M., Chiappetti, A., & Kho, R. M. (2026) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2026.02.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Igarashi, Y., Nakahara, K., Norii, T., Miyake, N., Tagami, T., & Yokobori, S. (2024) · Journal of Nippon Medical School · doi:10.1272/jnms.jnms.2024_91-205 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“Brainard (2023) observes that many editors are concerned about the use of ChatGPT to prepare scientific papers for publication.”
After one year of ChatGPT’s launch: reflections on artificial intelligence in scientific writing
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“…negative impacts on the scienti fi c literature require the scienti fi c community to aggressively take steps to mitigate In response to this growing challenge, many journals have developed policies for the use of generative AI and large language models (LLMs) (Brainard, 2023; Kaebnick et al, 2023).”
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“Journals should prohibit the use of generative artificial intelligence technologies in composing manuscripts and ask authors to declare that they have not used it [25, 37, 38].”
Lin, A., Chen, Z., Jiang, A., Tang, B., Qi, C., Zhu, L., Mou, W., Gan, W., Zeng, D., Xiao, M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000003839 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Bakker, T. C. M., & Traniello, J. F. A. (2023) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-023-03416-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Publishers have developed policies to restrict the use of ChatGPT (Brainard 2023).”
Ng, J. Y., Maduranayagam, S. G., Lokker, C., Iorio, A., Haynes, R. B., & Moher, D. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.23293211 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…Ethics (COPE) and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) have echoed the same guidelines, stating that AI tools (i.e., chatbots) do not satisfy their authorship criteria as they are unable to take responsibility for their scripts (Brainard, 2023; COPE, 2023; Zielinski et al., 2023).”
BackgroundAgarwal, A., & Uzair, M. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78498-9_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Menon, R., Solomon, D. H., Berenson, M., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.99202 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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“[43,57] Özellikle ChatGPT gibi YZ modelleri tarafından üreti-len içeriğin yaygınlaşması, akademik dürüstlük ve inti-hal endişelerini arttırmaktadır.”
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Porter, M. A. (2025) · Proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics · doi:10.1090/psapm/080/00728 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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From advancements to ethics: Assessing ChatGPT’s role in writing research paper
Gupta, V., Anamika, F., Parikh, K., Patel, M. A., Jain, R., & Jain, R. (2024) · Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.46310/tjim.1398093
Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease
Aşkın, H. Ş., Sahin, A. M., & Aşkın, L. (2024) · Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University · doi:10.46871/eams.1447819
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Plagiarism in the system of academic integrity in medical research (part 2)
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Automated Integrity or Automated Injustice? Turnitin’s AI Detection in Multilingual Writing ContextsPreprint
Maphoto, K. B., Giray, L., & Sevnarayan, K. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6538788
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“To maintain scientific integrity, AI should be employed as an assistive communication technology rather than an independent scientific author or evaluator (Brainard, 2023; Rolauffs et al., 2026; Thorp, 2023; Mijatović, 2026).”
Metabolism of the scientific journal on domestic radiology
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- Authors
- Brainard, J.
- Corresponding author
- Brainard, Jeffrey
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2023-02-24
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 6634
- Pages
- 740-741
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4321748993
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27
- FWCI
- 16.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Publishing and Scholarly Communication
- Keywords
- generative AI, ChatGPT, author disclosure, AI-generated text, scholarly publishing, journal editorial policy, research integrity
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