The use of artificial intelligence to improve the scientific writing of non-native english speakers
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Scientific writing in English is a daunting task for non-native English speakers. The challenges of writing in a foreign language are evident in the scientific literature where texts by non-native English-speaking scientists tend to be less clear and succinct, contain grammatical errors, and are often rejected by prestigious journals. METHODS: We conducted a non-systematic review of the most recent literature using the terms "Artificial Intelligence," "Scientific Writing," and "Non-English Speaking" to create a narrative review. RESULTS: Artificial intelligence can be a solution to improve scientific writing, especially for non-native English-speaking scientists. Artificial intelligence can assist in the search for pertinent scientific papers, generate summaries, and help with the writing of different sections of the manuscript, including the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Artificial intelligence-based programs can correct grammatical errors and improve writing style, both of which are particularly helpful for non-native English speakers. Two artificial intelligence programs that can help with the search for pertinent scientific papers on the internet are Elicit and ResearchRabbit. Scispace Copilot can be used to summarize the retrieved reference. The artificial intelligence software programs such as Grammarly and Paperpal can correct grammatical and spelling errors, while ChatGPT can also restructure sentences and paragraphs, reword text, and suggest appropriate words and phrases. CONCLUSION: Overall, artificial intelligence can be an effective tool to improve the clarity, style, and coherence of scientific writing, helping non-native English-speaking scientists to communicate their research more effectively.
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Our observations align with those of others who investigated AI platforms for writing and research objectives, as they found that Elicit and SciSpace are far more dedicated to searching for scientific papers and summarizing references.
“Our observations align with those of others who investigated AI platforms for writing and research objectives, as they found that Elicit and SciSpace are far more dedicated to searching for scientific papers and summarizing references [40].”
From Reference Hallucination Score for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Development and Usability Study (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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Does scientific writing converge to U.S. english? evidence from generative AI-assisted publications
Filimonović, D., Rutzer, C., Macher, J. T., & Weder, R. (2025) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-026-05774-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…empirical robustness using stricter thresholds and alternative benchmarks (e.g., excluding GenAI-assisted U.S. publications, using a 2021 U.S. benchmark, and restricting to U.S. publications in high-impact journals), full-text stylometry and validated benchmark data-sets would further sharpen…”
Kwon, H., Min, S., & Lee, S. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719845 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Using artificial intelligence in health research
Rodger, D., & O'Connor, S. (2025) · Evidence Based Journals · doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2025-104287 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bioethics and Controversies in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Cosmetic Surgery
Vargas, N., & Hamrah, D. (2024) · The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery · doi:10.1177/07488068241302876 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Giusti, R., Filetti, M., Lombardi, P., Bianco, F. L., Sganga, S., Giovagnoli, T., Iannantuono, G. M., Spinazzola, A., Santini, D., Mariniello, M., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1717048 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Writing Accuracy: How AI-Assisted Writing Instruction Can Support EFL Undergraduate Students
Almutairi, H., Alfaifi, A. A., & Saleem, M. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17020157 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Meishar‐Tal, H. (2025) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2025.2562589 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Researchers and students whose native language is not English may struggle to express deep ideas in a language they do not fully master, often encountering difficulties with grammar and vocabulary.”
InfluentialErel, S., Arabaci, O. E., & Pampal, H. K. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041594 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[15,16] While our study reveals that both native and nonnative authors employed AI, we found a statistically higher usage rate among authors who were not native English speakers.”
Gruszczyński, D., Nijakowski, K., Halupczok-Żyła, J., Ruchała, M., Walkowiak, J., & Sawicka‐Gutaj, N. (2026) · Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.20883/medical.e1571 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
GenAI and Scholarly Knowledge: Language Relief at The Cost of Infrastructural Dependency
Cachipuendo-Contero, I. J. (2026) · Postdigital Science and Education · doi:10.1007/s42438-026-00672-2 · Cited by 2
“It may help with grammar, paragraph flow, tone, translation, and the transforma‑ tion of rough ideas into more recognizable academic prose (Zenni and Andrew 2023; Giglio and da Costa 2023; Prakash et al. 2025).”
Bocanegra‐Valle, A. (2026) · Ibérica · doi:10.17398/2340-2784.51.21 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Therefore, a direct consequence of using GenAI tools is that researchers will be able to “produce papers with higher chances of publication in major scientific journals” and “effectively communicate their research to a wider audience” (Giglio & costa, 2023, p. 4).”
A Structured Approach to Grammar and Style Checking of Scientific Texts With ChatGPT
Rashidov, A., & Rashidova, F. (2026) · International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (ICHORA) · doi:10.1109/ichora69329.2026.11536994 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In this respect, ChatGPT provides opportunities not only for linguistic correction, but also for context-sensitive refinement of scientific texts through interactive prompting and iterative revision [8-10].”
Aydin, M. O., Vatansever, A., & Kafa, S. E. (2026) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.32708/uutfd.1870116 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The ethics of using artificial intelligence in writing medical research papers
Yu, S., & Hwang, H. (2025) · Kosin Medical Journal · doi:10.7180/kmj.25.141 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Although these tools hold significant potential for alleviating the burden of manuscript drafting and polishing [4,5], their integration inevitably raises substantial concerns regarding research integrity and ethical liability [6].”
An Analysis of Simple Past Tense Errors in Grade X Students’ Recount Texts
Fitri, A., Akkhakraisi, P., & Qaderi, N. A. (2025) · Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research · doi:10.37251/jolle.v2i2.2296 · Cited by 2
“While earlier studies have mentioned language transfer as a general cause of errors, they often failed to specify how such transfer manifests across different linguistic levels [39].”
Aspergillus spp. As an Expression System for Industrial Biocatalysis and Kinetic Resolution
Garcia, P. H. D., Montico, J. R., Barichello, A. P., Pilissão, C., Contesini, F. J., Mortensen, U., & Carvalho, P. D. O. (2025) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal15121174 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Uso de la inteligencia artificial en la corrección automatizada de producción escrita en inglés
Chango, L. E. Q., Pizarro, S. R. V., Puchaicela, M. P. S., Vinueza, M. G. C., León, K. S. P., & Anchatuña, V. P. A. (2025) · South Florida Journal of Development · doi:10.46932/sfjdv6n6-015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Moufida, B., & Amira, S. (2025) · South Florida Journal of Development · doi:10.46932/sfjdv6n5-098 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jesus, F. S. D., & Co, A. G. E. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v8i1.4669 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The versatility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) enables it to change all aspects of the writing approach that every user has, including non-English native speakers [28].”
PELATIHAN MENDELEY DAN KECERDASAN BUATAN (AI) UNTUK PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH BERKUALITAS
Kurnianingsih, R., Giyartiningrum, E., Prasetyo, H., & Endarwati, E. (2025) · J-ABDI Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat · doi:10.53625/jabdi.v4i9.9681 · Cited by 2
“Salah satu contohnya adalah Grammarly, yang menggunakan algoritma AI untuk mendeteksi dan memperbaiki kesalahan, serta memberikan saran untuk meningkatkan gaya dan nada tulisan (Giglio, 2023).”
Knowledge behind the scenes of a peer-reviewed journal helps in publishing your manuscript
Cappitelli, F., & Villa, F. (2024) · Annals of Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s13213-024-01777-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“It can also correct grammatical errors and improve writing style, which is especially beneficial for non-native English speakers (Giglio and da Costa 1992).”
BackgroundAlmineeai, A. M. S., & Hezam, T. A. H. (2024) · حوليات أداب عين شمس · doi:10.21608/aafu.2024.380951 · Cited by 2
“…Grammarly, Chat GPT, websites, etc., can provide real-time grammar and style correction (Fahmi, Cahyono, 2021), (Alotaibi, 2022), (Alotaibi, 2023), (Giglio & Costa, 2023), (Armanda, Nugraheni, Wulan Sari and Imron, 2022), there is a limited systematic research on their roles in enhancing syntactic…”
BackgroundPelletier, J., Li, Y., Cloessner, E., Sistenich, V., Maxwell, N., Thomas, M. A., Stoner, D., Mwenze, B., & Manguvo, A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.62657 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This enhancement would make CMES more accessible to a broader range of English, including those who are not native speakers [23].”
BackgroundRodríguez, N., Benitez, P., Llerena, L., & Hidalgo, C. (2025) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.10.2425 · Cited by 2
“Comparatively, Gliglio et al. [3] point out in their study that programs such as Grammarly and Paperpal are effective in correcting typing errors, while ChatGPT can do more, such as improving sentences and suggesting words.”
InfluentialLiu, J., He, Y., Zheng, Z., Bu, Y., & Ni, C. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.15872 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Qualitative Research
Bogdanov, T. V. (2026) · Inter · doi:10.19181/inter.2026.18.2.4
Pratama, R. D., Widiati, U., Basthomi, Y., Khoiri, N. E., Muniroh, S., & Omolu, F. A. (2026) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-026-09754-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, H., & Geng, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1836353 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Editorial policies for ethical use of artificial intelligence in rheumatology journals
Fedorchenko, Y., Üşen, A., Seiil, B., Zimba, O., & Korkosz, M. (2026) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.152966
Culturally Responsive AI Literacy: Valuing Students’ Repertoires in AI-Mediated Writing
Kladieva, A. (2026) · Digital studies in language and literature · doi:10.1515/dsll-2026-0010
AI In Academic Publishing for Non‐Native English Speakers: The Good, the Bot, and the Ugly
Gonulal, T., Güçlü, R., & Güçlü, S. (2026) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.2070 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Disclosure in the era of generative artificial intelligence
Aldawsari, K. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1826808 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Digital Support for Scholarly Writing: Tools That Do Not Break the Budget
Machado, C., & Harris, C. (2026) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-026-02136-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shahira, T. R., Rokhim, M., Nugraha, M., Fathonah, A. I., & Hasanah, F. (2025) · JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) · doi:10.31764/jmm.v9i5.34708 · Cited by 1
AI in Facial Cosmetic Surgery: Surgeon’s Perspective Summary
Hamrah, D., Eidson, B. K., & Vargas, N. (2025) · The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery · doi:10.1177/07488068251343281 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zazueta-López, D., Parratt-Fernández, S., & Domínguez-Lizárraga, N.-G. (2025) · Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior · doi:10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2025.47.1995 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blending artificial intelligence to reference management systems – The hybrid workflow
Suresh, N. (2025) · Endodontology · doi:10.4103/endo.endo_344_25 · Cited by 1
Effect Of Artificial Intelligence Use On Creativity In Writing Scientific Works
Sinaga, A. I., Nasution, A. F., & Albina, M. (2025) · JKTP Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan · doi:10.17977/um038v8i32025p226-234 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Artificial Intelligence Dilemma in Academic Writing: Balancing Efficiency and Integrity
Mondal, H., Mondal, S., & Jana, S. (2025) · Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women · doi:10.25259/ijcdw_86_2024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Giglio, A. D., & Costa, M. U. P. D.
- Affiliations
- Fundação do ABC (BR)
- Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Clínica (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Costa, Mateus Uerlei Pereira da
- Venue
- Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2023
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e20230560-e20230560
- ISSN
- 0004-5241 (ISSN-L)
- 1806-9282
- 0104-4230
- PMC
- PMC10508892
- OpenAlex
- W4386831162
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 141.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- pt
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, scientific writing, non-native English speakers, English as a second language, grammatical error correction, ChatGPT, Grammarly, Elicit, literature searching, text summarization
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Language, Physicians, Writing, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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