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Big data and black-box medical algorithms
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New machine-learning techniques entering medicine present challenges in validation, regulation, and integration into practice.
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“For example, the kernels or intermediate features of a trained neural network may shed light on the learned structure in different layers of the network, giving rise to methods like class activation mapping (CAM).67”
From Addressing bias in big data and AI for health care: A call for open science (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
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“We propose that another important barrier to adoption of medical AI is its perceived opacity, that it is a 'black box' 13,14 .”
From Understanding, explaining, and utilizing medical artificial intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
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Cites
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“Some techniques do not identify any explicit relationships; for example, a neural network trained to identify tumors can identify them but uses opaque hidden layers to do so ( 6 ).”
BackgroundExternal validity of randomised controlled trials: “To whom do the results of this trial apply?”
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Price, W. (2017) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.36644/mlr.116.3.regulating · Cited by 64
Self-citationLiehr, T., Acquarola, N., Pyle, K., St‐Pierre, S., Rinholm, M., Bar, O., Wilhelm, K., & Schreyer, I. (2017) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/cge.13087 · Cited by 48
Price, & Nicholson, W. T. (2015) · Harvard journal of law & technology · Cited by 25
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Metadata
- Authors
- Price, W. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Price, W. Nicholson
- ORCID
- Price, W. Nicholson
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2018-12-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 471
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC6345162
- OpenAlex
- W2905322176
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (1-R01-CA-214829-01-A1)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF17SA0027784)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Keywords
- big data, black-box algorithms, machine learning in medicine, algorithm validation, integration into clinical practice, algorithmic transparency
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Big Data, Algorithms, Social Control, Formal, Reproducibility of Results
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