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A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene

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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Developed to Activate Primate Immune Responses Promotes Antitumoral Effects in Combination with a Neoantigen-Based mRNA Cancer Vaccine

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Spatial Mapping and Immunomodulatory Role of the OX40/OX40L Pathway in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Nanotherapeutics for Immuno-Oncology: A Crossroad for New Paradigms

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Interleukins (Cytokines) as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Progression, Detection, and Monitoring

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Nanoformulations targeting immune cells for cancer therapy: mRNA therapeutics

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The Role of IL-36 in Infectious Diseases: Potential Target for COVID-19?

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Nanomedicine for advanced cancer immunotherapy

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Non-viral nucleic acid delivery approach: A boon for state-of-the-art gene delivery

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Intratumoral injection of IL-12-encoding mRNA targeted to CSF1R and PD-L1 exerts potent anti-tumor effects without substantial systemic exposure

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Glioma: bridging the tumor microenvironment, patient immune profiles and novel personalized immunotherapy

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In vivo gene immunotherapy for cancer

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Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated TRAIL mRNA Delivery in the Tumor Microenvironment to Inhibit Colon Cancer Progression

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Engineering Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Immunotherapy

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Delivery of Mixed-Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein by Vapor Nanobubble Photoporation Induces Necroptotic-Like Cell Death in Tumor Cells

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Advances and prospects of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy

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Nano‐Oncologicals: A Tortoise Trail Reaching New Avenues

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Development of an mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine mHTV-03E2 for high-risk HPV-related malignancies

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Intratumoral Injection of mRNA-2752 and Pembrolizumab for High-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

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Systemic reprogramming of tumour immunity via IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles

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IL36 Cooperates With Anti-CTLA-4 mAbs to Facilitate Antitumor Immune Responses

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Path towards mRNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside

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Recent Advances and Prospects of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Anti-Cancer Therapy

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Nanoparticle technologies: Recent state of the art and emerging opportunities

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539 Phase 1 study of mRNA-2752, a lipid nanoparticle encapsulating mRNAs encoding human OX40L/IL-23/IL-36γ, for intratumoral (ITu) injection +/- durvalumab in advanced solid tumors and lymphoma

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Mitoxantrone‐Encapsulated ZIF‐8 Enhances Chemo‐Immunotherapy via Amplified Immunogenic Cell Death

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Transforming the landscape of cancer treatment with seven promising novel therapies: evolution and future perspectives

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Advances in mRNA-based drug discovery in cancer immunotherapy

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mRNAid, an open-source platform for therapeutic mRNA design and optimization strategies

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Recent Advances in RNA Therapy and Its Carriers to Treat the Single-Gene Neurological Disorders

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Application of mRNA Technology in Cancer Therapeutics

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Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering Constitutively Active STING mRNA to Stimulate Antitumor Immunity

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Recent Advancements in mRNA Vaccines: From Target Selection to Delivery Systems

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The design, manufacture and LNP formulation of mRNA for research use

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Emerging Progress of RNA-Based Antitumor Therapeutics

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Advances in targeted delivery of mRNA into immune cells for enhanced cancer therapy

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Evaluation of a DoE based approach for comprehensive modelling of the effect of lipid nanoparticle composition on nucleic acid delivery

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Smart Nanocarriers for the Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acid for Cancer Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapeutic Agents for Intratumoral Immunotherapy

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Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics and Targeting Strategies

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Lysine-Derived Charge-Altering Releasable Transporters: Targeted Delivery of mRNA and siRNA to the Lungs

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mRNA melanoma vaccine revolution spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic

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The clinical progress and challenges of mRNA vaccines

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Plasmid DNA ionisable lipid nanoparticles as non-inert carriers and potent immune activators for cancer immunotherapy

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A modular mRNA platform for programmable induction of tumour-specific immunogenic cell death

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The Potential of Nanomedicine to Unlock the Limitless Applications of mRNA

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mRNA-based therapies: Preclinical and clinical applications

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Overcoming the limitations of cytokines to improve cancer therapy

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IL-36 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Lipid nanoparticles as a tool to dissect dendritic cell maturation pathways

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Lipid-mRNA nanoparticles landscape for cancer therapy

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Targeting intracellular and extracellular receptors with nano-to-macroscale biomaterials to activate immune cells

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Immunogenicity and effectiveness of an mRNA therapeutic vaccine for HPV-related malignancies

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Applications of mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy

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Overcoming therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer: challenges and emerging strategies

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The Landscape of Nanovectors for Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy

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Advances in nano-immunotherapy for hematological malignancies

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Emerging mRNA Technology for Liver Disease Therapy

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Critical considerations of mRNA–LNP technology for CAR-T therapy: components, payloads and emerging horizons

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First-in-human phase I/II, open-label study of mRNA-2416 alone or combined with durvalumab in patients with advanced solid tumors and ovarian cancer

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mRNA Vaccines: Current Applications and Future Directions

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Combinatorial Immunotherapy with Agonistic CD40 Activates Dendritic Cells to Express IL12 and Overcomes PD-1 Resistance

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Enhancing antitumor immunity and achieving tumor eradication with IL11RA mRNA immunotherapy

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NANOSPRESSO: toward personalized, locally produced nucleic acid nanomedicines

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mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors (Review)

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Better, Faster, Stronger: Accelerating mRNA ‐Based Immunotherapies With Nanocarriers

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MicroRNA-responsive ON-OFF hybrid mRNA switch for precise protein expression control

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Engineered Oncolytic Adenoviruses: An Emerging Approach for Cancer Therapy

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Corosolic acid derivative-based lipid nanoparticles for efficient RNA delivery

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The complex roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cancer: friends or foes?

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Nanotechnology-enhanced immunotherapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: challenges and opportunities

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Autonomous IL-36R signaling in neutrophils activates potent antitumor effector functions

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Tigilanol tiglate is an oncolytic small molecule that induces immunogenic cell death and enhances the response of both target and non-injected tumors to immune checkpoint blockade

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IL-36G promotes cancer-cell intrinsic hallmarks in human gastric cancer cells

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Recent Advances in Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems: A Review

Belay, W. Y., Nibret, G., & Aschale, Y. (2023) · Clinical Pharmacology Advances and Applications · doi:10.2147/cpaa.s418314 · Cited by 16

Advances in Development of mRNA-Based Therapeutics

Huang, L., Zhang, L., Li, W., Li, S., Wen, J., Li, H., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2020_222 · Cited by 16

Synthetic RNA Therapeutics in Cancer

Han, Y., Shin, S.-H., Lim, C. G., Heo, Y. H., Choi, I. Y., & Kim, H. H. (2023) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.123.001587 · Cited by 14

Navigating the Biomolecular Corona: Biological Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of RNA–Lipid Nanoparticles

Saini, A., Li, S., Wang, Z., Plebanski, M., & Ju, Y. (2026) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c00334 · Cited by 15

Challenges and opportunities in the development of combination immunotherapy with OX40 agonists

Redmond, W. L. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2023.2249396 · Cited by 13

Enhancing antitumor immunity through chemotherapeutic-derived lipid nanoparticle-induced immunogenic cell death and CD40L/Flt3L mRNA-mediated dendritic cell activation

Hou, X., Wang, C., Zhong, Y., Wang, L., Kang, D. D., Lubitz, G. S., Xue, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, S., Li, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113684 · Cited by 13

Coimmunomodulation of tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes during in situ vaccination promotes antitumor immunity

Jeong, M., Kim, H., Yoon, J., Kim, D., & Park, J. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.146608 · Cited by 13

Advances in mRNA‐Lipid Nanoparticle Engineering for Immune Cell Targeting and Immune Modulation

Kim, C., Lee, Y., Lee, H., & Kim, B. (2025) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202501401 · Cited by 13

Interleukin-12 Message in a Bottle

Cirella, A., Berraondo, P., Trani, C. A. D., & Melero, I. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3250 · Cited by 12

Messenger RNA rescues medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in fibroblasts from patients and a murine model

Zhao, X., Mohsen, A.-W. A., Mihalik, S. J., Solo, K. J., Basu, S., Aliu, E., Shi, H., Kochersberger, C., Karunanidhi, A., Land, C. V., et al. (2023) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddad076 · Cited by 12

Modulating expression of inhibitory and stimulatory immune ‘checkpoints’ using nanoparticulate-assisted nucleic acid delivery

Walters, A. A., Dhadwar, B., & Al‐Jamal, K. T. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103624 · Cited by 13

Advancing Lung Cancer Treatment: mRNA Therapeutics and Delivery Strategies

Yaremenko, A. V., Печникова, Н. А., & Chuang, L. I. U. (2025) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03826 · Cited by 13

Novel Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery Systems Enabling the Advancement of RNA Therapeutics

Zhang, H., Han, S., Zhang, X., Ma, J., Jin, L., Wang, Y., Ma, Y., Ma, T., Yu, F., & Song, G. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202505340 · Cited by 15

Advances in engineering and delivery strategies for cytokine immunotherapy

Bohmer, M., Xue, Y., Jankovic, K. E., & Dong, Y. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2023.2208344 · Cited by 11

Noncovalently particle-anchored cytokines with prolonged tumor retention safely elicit potent antitumor immunity

Niu, L., Jang, E., Chin, A. L., Huo, Z., Wang, W., Cai, W., & Tong, R. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk7695 · Cited by 11

A Phase I, First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation, Expansion Trial of Cytokine-Encoding Synthetic mRNA Mixture Alone or with Cemiplimab in Advanced Solid Tumors

Bechter, O. E., Loquai, C., Champiat, S., Baurain, J., Grob, J., Utikal, J. S., Rottey, S., Berrocal, A., Hassel, J. C., Arance, A. M., et al. (2025) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-1983 · Cited by 11

Harnessing the combined potential of cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine: A new paradigm in cancer treatment

Alexander, C. A., & Yang, Y. Y. (2021) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2021.102492 · Cited by 12

New insights on IL‑36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (Review)

Li, M., Jiang, W. J., Wang, Z., Lu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2023.11974 · Cited by 11

mRNA COVID vaccines saved lives and won a Nobel — what’s next for the technology?

Dolgin, E., & Ledford, H. K. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03119-x · Cited by 11

Lipid-Encapsulated mRNAs Encoding Complex Fusion Proteins Potentiate Antitumor Immune Responses

Shuptrine, C. W., Chen, Y., Miriyala, J., Lenz, K. L., Moffett, D., Nguyen, T., Michaux, J., Campbell, K., Smith, C., Morra, M., et al. (2024) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2875 · Cited by 11

The mRNA-Based Innovative Strategy: Progress and Challenges

Zhou, H., Wei, D., Chen, Z., Chen, H., Dong, C., Cai, W., Wang, J., Liu, X., Li, Y., Yang, Y., et al. (2026) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-025-01906-x · Cited by 17

Recruiting In Vitro Transcribed mRNA against Cancer Immunotherapy: A Contemporary Appraisal of the Current Landscape

Miliotou, Α. N., Georgiou‐Siafis, S. K., Ntenti, C., Pappas, I. S., & Papadopoulou, L. C. (2023) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb45110576 · Cited by 12

Innovative lipid nanoparticles: A cutting-edge approach for potential renal cell carcinoma therapeutics

Shahzad, A., Teng, Z., Yameen, M., Liu, W., Cui, K., Liu, X., Sun, Y., Duan, Q., Xia, J., Dong, Y., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117465 · Cited by 11

Recent advances in mRNA-based cancer vaccines encoding immunostimulants and their delivery strategies

Eslami, S. M., & Lü, X. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.035 · Cited by 10

Abstract 1607: Durable efficacy and anti-cancer immunity following intratumoral administration of messenger RNAs encoding IL-36γ, IL-23 and OX40L

Frederick, J. P., Bai, A., Hewitt, S. L., Karp, R., Zielinski, J. F., Ichikawa, K., Apte, A., Bailey, D., Arnold, K., Farlow, S., et al. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1607 · Cited by 1

Abstract 1711: Induction of anti-tumor immunity by intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding cytokines and TNFRSF agonists

Gavigan, J.-A., Shi, C., Lampa, M., Malkova, N. V., Yu, Q., Qu, H., Levit, M. N., Wagenaar, T. R., Hotz, C., & Li, X. (2021) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1711 · Cited by 2

Immune checkpoint blockade combined with IL ‐6 and TGF ‐β inhibition improves the therapeutic outcome of m RNA ‐based immunotherapy

Bialkowski, L., der Jeught, K. V., Bevers, S., Joe, P. T., Renmans, D., Heirman, C., Aerts, J. L., & Thielemans, K. (2018) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.31331 · Cited by 38

Abstract CT210: A Phase I, open-label, multicenter, dose escalation study of mRNA-2752, a lipid nanoparticle encapsulating mRNAs encoding human OX40L, IL-23, and IL-36γ, for intratumoral injection alone and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade

Bauer, T. M., Patel, M. R., Jimeno, A., Wang, D., McDermott, J. D., Zacharek, S. J., Randolph, W., Johansen, L. M., Hopson, K., Frederick, J. P., et al. (2019) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ct210

Intratumoral Delivery of TriMix mRNA Results in T-cell Activation by Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells

Lint, S. V., Renmans, D., Broos, K., Goethals, L., Maenhout, S. K., Benteyn, D., Goyvaerts, C., Four, S. D., der Jeught, K. V., Bialkowski, L., et al. (2016) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0163 · Cited by 130