The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
qnrD , a Novel Gene Conferring Transferable Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky and Bovismorbificans Strains of Human Origin
Open accessAbstract
In a previous study, four Salmonella isolates from humans in the Henan province of China showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.125 to 0.25 μg/ml) but were susceptible to nalidixic acid (MIC, 4 to 8 μg/ml). All isolates were negative for known qnr genes (A, B, and S), aac(6′)Ib-cr , and mutations in gyrA and parC . Plasmid DNA was extracted from all four isolates and transformed into Escherichia coli TG1 and DH10B cells by electroporation, and transformants were selected on 0.06 μg/ml ciprofloxacin containing brain heart infusion agar plates. Resistance to ciprofloxacin could be transferred by electroporation, and a similar 4,270-bp plasmid was found in all transformants. By sequence analysis, the plasmid was found to carry an open reading frame that had similarities to other qnr genes and that encoded a 214-amino-acid pentapeptide repeat protein. This gene, designated qnrD , showed 48% similarity to qnrA1 , 61% similarity to qnrB1 , and 41% similarity to qnrS1 . Further subcloning of the qnrD coding region into the constitutively expressed tetA gene of vector pBR322 showed that the gene conferred an increase in the MIC of ciprofloxacin by a factor of 32 (from an MIC of 0.002 to an MIC of 0.06 μg/ml). For comparison, qnrA1 and qnrS1 were also subcloned into pBR322 and transformed into DH10B cells, conferring MICs of 0.125 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of all known qnr sequences was performed and showed that qnrD was more closely related to the qnrB variants but formed an independent cluster. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this qnrD gene.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm092 · Cited by 28,730
Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically
Ferraro, M. J. (2000) · Cited by 16,875
Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid
Martínez-Martínez, L., Pascual, A., & Jacoby, G. A. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07322-4 · Cited by 1,100
Yamane, K., Wachino, J.-I., Suzuki, S., Kimura, K., Shibata, N., Kato, H., Shibayama, K., Konda, T., & Arakawa, Y. (2007) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00339-07 · Cited by 467
qnrB , Another Plasmid-Mediated Gene for Quinolone Resistance
Jacoby, G. A., Walsh, K. E., Mills, D. M., Walker, V. J., Oh, H., Robicsek, A., & Hooper, D. C. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.50.4.1178-1182.2006 · Cited by 400
Origin of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinant QnrA
Poirel, L., Rodriguez-Martinez, J.-M., Mammeri, H., Liard, A., & Nordmann, P. (2005) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.49.8.3523-3525.2005 · Cited by 394
Cloning of a Novel Gene for Quinolone Resistance from a Transferable Plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b
Hata, M., Suzuki, M., Matsumoto, M., Takahashi, M., Sato, K., Ibe, S., & Sakae, K. (2005) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.49.2.801-803.2005 · Cited by 287
Périchon, B., Courvalin, P., & Galimand, M. (2007) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00143-07 · Cited by 266
Plasmid‐Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Non‐Typhi Serotypes of Salmonella enterica
Gay, K., Robicsek, A., Strahilevitz, J., Park, C. H., Jacoby, G., Barrett, T. J., Medalla, F., Chiller, T. M., & Hooper, D. C. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/505397 · Cited by 242
Jacoby, G., Cattoir, V., Hooper, D., Martínez-Martínez, L., Nordmann, P., Pascual, A., Poirel, L., & Wang, M. (2008) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00147-08 · Cited by 202
Cited by
Kristiansson, E., Fick, J., Janzon, A., Grabic, R., Rutgersson, C., Weijdegård, B., Söderström, H., & Larsson, D. G. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017038 · Cited by 566
Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Fluoroquinolone Mechanisms of Action and Resistance
Hooper, D. C., & Jacoby, G. A. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a025320 · Cited by 553
Caselli, E., Fabbri, C., D’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Bassi, C., Mazzacane, S., & Franchi, M. (2020) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01801-y · Cited by 391
Authority, E. F. S., & European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2018) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5182 · Cited by 384
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update
Rodríguez-Martínez, J. M., Velasco, C., Pascual, Á., Cano, M. E., Martínez-Martínez, L., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Pascual, Á. (2011) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10156-010-0120-2 · Cited by 306
Metadata
- Authors
- Cavaco, L. M., Hasman, H., Xia, S., & Aarestrup, F. M.
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 603-608
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- OpenAlex
- W2118558073
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 12.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: qnrD , a Novel Gene Conferring Transferable Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky and Bovismorbificans Strains of Human Origin. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/aac.00997-08
- The paper
- Cavaco, L. M., Hasman, H., Xia, S., & Aarestrup, F. M. (2009). qnrD , a Novel Gene Conferring Transferable Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky and Bovismorbificans Strains of Human Origin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00997-08
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
