The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple Molecular Mechanisms Contribute to a Stepwise Development of Fluconazole Resistance in Clinical Candida albicans Strains
Open accessAbstract
From each of two AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, five Candida albicans isolates from recurrent episodes of infection which became gradually resistant against fluconazole during antimycotic treatment were analyzed for molecular changes responsible for drug resistance. In both patients, a single C. albicans strain was responsible for the recurrent infections, but the CARE-2 fingerprint pattern of the isolates exhibited minor genetic alterations, indicating that microevolution of the strains took place during fluconazole therapy. In the isolates from patient 1, enhanced mRNA levels of the MDR1 gene, encoding a multiple drug resistance protein from the superfamily of major facilitators, and constitutive high expression of the ERG11 gene, coding for the drug target enzyme sterol 14alpha-demethylase, correlated with a stepwise development of fluconazole resistance. The resistant strains exhibited reduced accumulation of fluconazole and, for the last in the series, a slight increase in drug needed to inhibit sterol 14alpha-demethylation in vitro. In the isolates from patient 2, increased MDR1 mRNA levels and the change from heterozygosity to homozygosity for a mutant form of the ERG11 gene correlated with continuously decreased drug susceptibility. In this series, reduced drug accumulation and increased resistance in the target enzyme activity, sterol 14alpha-demethylase, were observed. These results demonstrate that different molecular mechanisms contribute to a gradual development of fluconazole resistance in C. albicans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It was not until serial isolates taken from HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis were analysed for ERG11 and MDR1 mRNA expression levels that a link was established between the MDR1 gene and fluconazole resistance.98”
From Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“The overexpression of ERG11 had been shown to contribute to decreased azole susceptibility through increased production of the azole target 14α-lanosterol demethylase (Figure 1a).78 , 98 , 106 , 107”
From Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589
Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans.
Fonzi, W. A., & Irwin, M. Y. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/134.3.717 · Cited by 1,695
Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole
Rex, J. H., Rinaldi, M. G., & Pfaller, M. A. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.1.1 · Cited by 880
Sanglard, D., Kuchler, K., Ischer, F., Pagani, J. L., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.11.2378 · Cited by 815
White, T. C. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.7.1482 · Cited by 612
Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1997) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-143-2-405 · Cited by 587
Prasad, R., De Wergifosse, P., Goffeau, A., & Balzi, E. (1995) · Current Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00352101 · Cited by 486
Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Koymans, L. M. H., & Billé, J. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.2.241 · Cited by 465
Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Monod, M., & Billé, J. (1996) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.40.10.2300 · Cited by 402
Kelly, S. L., Lamb, D. C., Kelly, D. E., Manning, N. J., Loeffler, J., Hebart, H., Schumacher, U., & Einsele, H. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(96)01360-9 · Cited by 351
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ausubel F. M. Brent R. Kingston R. E. Moore D. D. Seidman J. G. Smith J. A. Struhl K. Current protocols in molecular biology. 1989 John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York N.Y
- Odds F. C. Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography. 1988 Bailliere Tindall London United Kingdom
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 339
Upregulation of the ERG11 gene in Candida krusei by azoles.
Tavakoli, M., Zaini, F., Kordbacheh, M., Safara, M., Raoofian, R., & Heidari, M. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 21
Chen, Y.-N., Lo, H., Wu, C.-C., Ko, H.-C., Chang, T.-P., & Yang, Y.-L. (2011) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01777-10 · Cited by 21
Looi, C. Y., d'Silva, E. C., Seow, H. F., Rosli, R., Ng, K. P., & Chong, P. P. (2005) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.036 · Cited by 20
Dunkel, N., & Morschhäuser, J. (2011) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00281-10 · Cited by 20
Self-citationAntifungal resistance, combinations and pipeline: oh my!
Stover, K. R., Hawkins, B. K., Keck, J. M., Barber, K. E., & Cretella, D. A. (2023) · Drugs in Context · doi:10.7573/dic.2023-7-1 · Cited by 20
Zande, P. V., Gautier, C., Kawar, N., Maufrais, C., Metzner, K., Wash, E., Beach, A. K., Bracken, R., Maciel, E. I., de Sá, N. P., et al. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012497 · Cited by 21
Łącka, I., Konieczny, M. T., Buɬakowska, A., Kodedová, M., Gášková, D., Maurya, I. K., Prasad, R., & Milewski, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00783 · Cited by 20
Effect of Micafungin (FK463) on Candida albicans Adherence to Epithelial Cells
Zepelin, M. B., Zaschke, K., Groß, U., Monod, M., & Müller, F. C. (2002) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000064921 · Cited by 20
Keereedach, P., Hrimpeng, K., & Boonbumrung, K. (2020) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2020/5989206 · Cited by 19
Balancing Positive and Negative Selection: In Vivo Evolution of Candida lusitaniae MRR1
Demers, E. G., Stajich, J., Ashare, A., Occhipinti, P., & Hogan, D. A. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03328-20 · Cited by 18
Strzelczyk, J. K., Ślemp-Migiel, A., Rother, M. B., Gołąbek, K., & Wiczkowski, A. (2013) · Acta Biochimica Polonica · doi:10.18388/abp.2013_2019 · Cited by 19
Escribano, P., Marcos-Zambrano, L. J., Gómez, A., Sánchez, C., Martínez‐Jiménez, M. D. C., Bouza, E., & Guinea, J. (2017) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00400-17 · Cited by 19
Molecular Principles of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Sanglard, D., & White, T. C. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815776.ch14 · Cited by 19
Ibrahim, N. H., Melake, N. A., Somily, A. M., Zakaria, A. S., Baddour, M., & Mahmoud, A. Z. (2013) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2013.12.007 · Cited by 20
Maebashi, K., Kudoh, M., Nishiyama, Y., Makimura, K., Kamai, Y., Uchida, K., & Yamaguchi, H. (2003) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb02794.x · Cited by 19
Dassanayake, R. S., Ellepola, A. N. B., Samaranayake, Y. H., & Samaranayake, L. P. (2002) · Apmis · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0463.2002.100406.x · Cited by 19
Functional characterization of CaCBF1, the Candida albicans homolog of centromere binding factor 1
Biswas, K., Rieger, K.-J., & Morschhäuser, J. (2003) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2003.09.005 · Cited by 19
Rząd, K., Paluszkiewicz, E., Neubauer, D., Olszewski, M., Kozłowska-Tylingo, K., Kamysz, W., & Gabriel, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413190 · Cited by 18
Promoter regulation inCandida albicansand related species
Eckert, S. E., & Mühlschlegel, F. A. (2008) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00455.x · Cited by 19
Masood, A. K., Faisal, S. M., Haque, W., & Owais, M. (2002) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/10611860290022615 · Cited by 18
Xie, J., Zhu, L., Zhu, T., Jian, Y., Ding, Y., Zhou, M., & Feng, X. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.18-74 · Cited by 17
Guillon, J., Nim, S., Moreau, S., Ronga, L., Savrimoutou, S., Thivet, E., Marchivie, M., Pietro, A. D., Prasad, R., & Borgne, M. L. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c9ra09348f · Cited by 17
The Effect of Gentian Violet on Virulent Properties of Candida albicans
Su, Y., Sun, Q., & Li, C. (2009) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-009-9258-9 · Cited by 17
Antifungal dipeptides incorporating an inhibitor of homoserine dehydrogenase
Skwarecki, A. S., Schielmann, M., Martynow, D., Kawczyński, M., Wiśniewska, A., Milewska, M. J., & Milewski, S. (2018) · Journal of Peptide Science · doi:10.1002/psc.3060 · Cited by 16
Vanillin confers antifungal drug synergism in Candida albicans by impeding CaCdr2p driven efflux
Saibabu, V., Fatima, Z., Singh, S., Khan, L. A., & Hameed, S. (2020) · Journal de Mycologie Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100921 · Cited by 16
Giovati, L., Santinoli, C., Ferrari, E., Ciociola, T., Martín, E., Bandi, C., Ricci, I., Epis, S., & Conti, S. (2018) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins10020068 · Cited by 16
Alvarez-Rueda, N., Fleury, A., Logé, C., Pagniez, F., Robert, E., Morio, F., & Pape, P. L. (2016) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myw023 · Cited by 15
Antifungal Use in Veterinary Practice and Emergence of Resistance
Seyedmousavi, S., Wiederhold, N. P., Ebel, F., Hedayati, M. T., Rafati, H., & Verweij, P. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72093-7_16 · Cited by 15
Khajeh, E., Hosseini‐Shokouh, S., Rajabibazl, M., Roudbary, M., Rafiei, S., Aslani, P., & Farahnejad, Z. (2016) · British Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1080/09674845.2016.1155269 · Cited by 15
Chapter 14. Progress with antifungal agents and approaches to combat fungal resistance
Watkins, W. J., & Renau, T. E. (2000) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-7743(00)35015-1 · Cited by 15
Nim, S., Rawal, M. K., & Prasad, R. (2014) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1111/1567-1364.12149 · Cited by 14
Cph1p negatively regulates MDR1 involved in drug resistance in Candida albicans
Lo, H., Tseng, K., Kao, Y.-Y., Tsao, M.-Y., Lo, H.-L., & Yang, Y.-L. (2015) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.01.017 · Cited by 15
ERG11 mutations and upregulation in clinical itraconazole-resistant isolates of Candida krusei
Feng, W., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Xi, Z., & Qiao, Z. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/cjm-2016-0055 · Cited by 14
Schulz, B., Weber, K., Schmidt, A., Zepelin, M. B., & Ruhnke, M. (2011) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01970.x · Cited by 14
Self-citationSasse, C., Schillig, R., Reimund, A., Merk, J., & Morschhäuser, J. (2012) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00264-12 · Cited by 13
Molecular Umbrellas Modulate the Selective Toxicity of Polyene Macrolide Antifungals
Skwarecki, A. S., Skarbek, K., Martynow, D., Serocki, M., Bylińska, I., Milewska, M. J., & Milewski, S. (2018) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00136 · Cited by 14
Antifungal Activity of Mammalian Serum Amyloid A1 against Candida albicans
Gong, J., Wu, J., Ikeh, M. A. C., Li, T., Zhang, Y., Bing, J., Nobile, C. J., & Huang, G. (2019) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01975-19 · Cited by 13
Activity of fluconazole and its Cu(II) complex towards Candida species
Ząbek, A., Nagaj, J., Grabowiecka, A., Dworniczek, E., Nawrot, U., Młynarz, P., & Jeżowska‐Bojczuk, M. (2014) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-014-1275-7 · Cited by 13
Brancini, G. T. P., Tonani, L., Rangel, D. E. N., Roberts, D. W., & Braga, G. Ú. L. (2017) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.004 · Cited by 13
Molecular analysis and dimorphism of azole-susceptible and resistant Candida albicans isolates
Costa, C. R., Souza, L. K. H. E., Ataídes, F. S., Ferri, P. H., da Costa, M. P., Fernandes, O. D. F. L., & Silva, M. D. R. R. (2011) · Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · doi:10.1590/s0037-86822011005000056 · Cited by 13
Zeng, Y., Yuan-shu, Q., Ma, L., & Gu, H.-N. (2007) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00029330-200705010-00013 · Cited by 13
Palmarumycin P3 Reverses Mrr1-Mediated Azole Resistance by Blocking the Efflux Pump Mdr1
Song, M., Zhang, M., Lu, J., Xie, F., Song, J., Luan, X., Hou, X., Lou, H., & Chang, W. (2022) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02126-21 · Cited by 12
Small molecule II-6s synergises with fluconazole against Candida albicans
Yang, S., Peng, X., Ren, B., Luo, Y., & Xu, X. (2023) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106820 · Cited by 11
Rząd, K., Ioannidi, R., Marakos, P., Pouli, N., Olszewski, M., Kostakis, I. K., & Gabriel, I. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38963-4 · Cited by 11
Machine Learning for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Drug Development
Shankarnarayan, S. A., Guthrie, J. D., & Charlebois, D. A. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104841 · Cited by 12
Rząd, K., Paluszkiewicz, E., & Gabriel, I. (2021) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127815 · Cited by 11
Association of T916C (Y257H) mutation inCandida albicans ERG11with fluconazole resistance
Zhao, J., Xu, Y., & Li, C. (2012) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.12027 · Cited by 11
Quantum Dots-Based Nano-Coatings for Inhibition of Microbial Biofilms: A Mini Review
Priyadarshini, E., Rawat, K., & Bohidar, H. B. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.70785 · Cited by 10
Jain, T., Muktapuram, P. R., Pochampalli, S., Sharma, K., Pant, G., Mitra, K., Bathula, S. R., & Banerjee, D. (2017) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000610 · Cited by 10
Hans, S., Fatima, Z., & Hameed, S. (2021) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-020-00282-w · Cited by 9
Rząd, K., Gabriel, I., Paluszkiewicz, E., Kuplińska, A., Olszewski, M., Chylewska, A., Dąbrowska, A., & Kozłowska-Tylingo, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54252-0 · Cited by 9
Chemogenomic profiling to understand the antifungal action of a bioactive aurone compound
Alqahtani, F. M., Arivett, B. A., Taylor, Z. E., Handy, S. T., Farone, A. L., & Farone, M. B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226068 · Cited by 9
Fluconazole-Resistant Candida: Mechanisms and Risk Factor Identification
Déry, M., & Hasbun, R. (2011) · Current Fungal Infection Reports · doi:10.1007/s12281-010-0045-3 · Cited by 9
Characterization of Candida Species from Different Populations in Taiwan
Yang, Y.-L., Hsieh, L.-Y., Wang, A.-H., & Lo, H. (2011) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-011-9408-8 · Cited by 9
Hoehamer, C. F., Cummings, E. D., Hilliard, G. M., Morschhäuser, J., & Rogers, P. D. (2009) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.200800252 · Cited by 9
Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents
White, T. C., & Hoot, S. J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555816728.ch127 · Cited by 9
Tamert, A., Latrèche, A., & Aouad, L. (2017) · Phytothérapie · doi:10.1007/s10298-017-1132-1 · Cited by 8
Arumugam, G., & Rajaram, R. (2019) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101145 · Cited by 8
Proteomic analysis of cytosolic proteins associated with petite mutations in Candida glabrata
y Penha, C. V. L., Kubitschek-Barreira, P. H., Larcher, G., Perales, J., León, I. R., Lopes-Bezerra, L. M., & Bouchara, J. P. (2010) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500125 · Cited by 8
Incidence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Albicans Infections.
Ungureanu, A. M., Găman, A. E., Turculeanu, A., Mitroi, M., Drocaș, A. I., Dobriţoiu, M., Alexandru, D. O., & Vasile, C. M. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.12865/chsj.42.02.08 · Cited by 8
Bernhardt, H., Zimmermann, K., & Knoke, M. (1999) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf02561673 · Cited by 8
Rais, A., Sharma, S., Mishra, P., Khan, L. A., & Prasad, T. (2024) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2023-0292 · Cited by 7
Morschhäuser, J. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012643 · Cited by 8
Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents
Perlin, D. S. (2015) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch130 · Cited by 7
Singh, S., Fatima, Z., & Hameed, S. (2020) · Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.013 · Cited by 7
Carvalho, L. A. D. C., Remuzgo, C., Perez, K. R., & Machini, M. T. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.09.010 · Cited by 7
Müller, F. C., Morschhäuser, J., Köhler, G. A., Oelschlaeger, T. A., Ziebuhr, W., & Hacker, J. (1999) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1999.tb04525.x · Cited by 7
Generation of antifungals to combat drug resistance using language models and diffusion models
Wang, Y., Dong, Y., Zheng, Y., Xu, L., Song, M., Chen, J., Zhang, K., Shen, T., Zhao, W., Lou, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.11.046 · Cited by 6
Bruzual, I., & Kumamoto, C. A. (2011) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-011-0650-z · Cited by 7
Rodríguez, A. E. R., Pérez, J. E., Hernandez, J., & Zapata, Y. (2020) · Biomédica · doi:10.7705/biomedica.4723 · Cited by 6
Fuentes, M., Hermosilla, G., Claudio Alburquenque, O., Falconer, M. A., Amaro, J., & Tapia, C. V. (2014) · Revista chilena de infectología · doi:10.4067/s0716-10182014000500001 · Cited by 6
Antifungal drug resistance: Significance and mechanisms
Dharmaiah, S., Sherif, R., & Mukherjee, P. K. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429402012-4 · Cited by 6
Molecular Umbrella as a Nanocarrier for Antifungals
Skwarecki, A. S., Martynow, D., Milewska, M. J., & Milewski, S. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26185475 · Cited by 6
Kagoshima, Y., & Konosu, T. (2006) · Journal of Fluorine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.12.008 · Cited by 6
Antifungal Drug Resistance: Pumps and Permutations
White, T. C., Harry, J. B., & Oliver, B. G. G. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10380-7_17 · Cited by 5
The small GTPase Rhb1 is involved in the cell response to fluconazole inCandida albicans
Chen, Y., Yeh, Y.-C., Chen, H.-F., Chen, R.-C., Lin, G.-Y., Chen, Y.-T., & Lan, C. (2019) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1093/femsyr/foz005 · Cited by 5
Antifungal Resistance: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
Araújo, R., & Espinel‐Ingroff, A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12173-9_7 · Cited by 5
Kothavade, R. J., Oberai, C., Valand, A. G., & Panthaki, M. H. (2010) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.725 · Cited by 5
Kozovská, Z., Hikkel, I., Sidorova, M., & Šubík, J. (2004) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.04.014 · Cited by 5
The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in the management of patients with invasive mycoses.
Perea, S. H., & Patterson, T. F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Metal (II) Complexes of Fluconazole: Thermal, XRD and Cytotoxicity Studies.
Ali, S. I., Lei, Z., Ali, M., Kojima, K. K. K., Ahmed, M., Peng, R., Yang, D., Haider, S. M., Ayatollahi, S. A., & Chen, Z. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101142 · Cited by 6
Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Durg Resistance in Fungi.
Yamaguchi, H. (1999) · Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.3314/jjmm.40.199 · Cited by 5
Ramı́rez-Zavala, B., Hoffmann, A., Krüger, I., Schwanfelder, S., Barker, K. S., Rogers, P. D., & Morschhäuser, J. (2024) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00388-24 · Cited by 4
Kim, T. H. T., & Lee, M. K. (2010) · Folia Microbiologica · doi:10.1007/s12223-010-0045-2 · Cited by 4
Silva, A. C., de Moraes, D. C., do Carmo, D. C., Gomes, G. C. C., Ganesan, A., Lopes, R. S. C., Ferreira‐Pereira, A., & Lopes, C. C. (2023) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof9070758 · Cited by 4
Davtyan, T. K., Melikyan, L. A., Nikoyan, N. A., Aleksanyan, H. P., & Grigoryan, N. G. (2015) · International Journal of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2015/576250 · Cited by 4
Mucocutaneous and Deeply Invasive Candidiasis
Shoham, S., Nucci, M., & Walsh, T. J. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00088-4 · Cited by 4
Microarray Technologies in Fungal Diagnostics
Rupp, S. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6515-1_22 · Cited by 4
Seyedmousavi, S. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc295 · Cited by 4
Sousa, G., Correia, I., & Bezerra, A. R. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14020273 · Cited by 3
Voriconazole-Based Salts Are Active against Multidrug-Resistant Human Pathogenic Yeasts
Szepiński, E., Martynow, D., Szweda, P., Milewska, M. J., & Milewski, S. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24203635 · Cited by 3
Histopathologic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections of Lab Animals
Shourie, A., Singh, R. K., & Singh, A. (2021) · Fungal biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69507-1_6 · Cited by 3
Specific Chromosome Alterations ofCandida albicans: Mechanisms for Adaptation to Pathogenicity
Rustchenko, E. P. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815639.ch18 · Cited by 3
Takahata, S., Okutomi, T., Ohtsuka, K., Hoshiko, S., Uchida, K., & Yamaguchi, H. (2005) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780410001731600 · Cited by 3
Gene Expression Analysis of Key Players Associated with Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans
Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Li, S., Ying, Y., Zhang, Z., Zeng, L., Huang, X., & Huang, S. (2019) · Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.5812/jjm.88521 · Cited by 3
Bisacridine derivatives as effective eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitors
Kondaka, K., Sappati, S., Rząd, K., Paluszkiewicz, E., Maciejewska, N., Bagiński, M., & Gabriel, I. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.118174 · Cited by 2
Prochelators modulate azole activity against Candida albicans in a metal-dependent manner
Merriman, M. A., Denning-Jannace, C. A., Hurtado, A. B., Vaccaro, F. A., Sung, Y., Tomat, E., & Franz, K. J. (2026) · RSC Chemical Biology · doi:10.1039/d6cb00073h · Cited by 2
Reversal of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans by Human Neutrophil Peptide
Khan, M. I., Choudhry, H., Jahan, S., & Rather, I. A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020513 · Cited by 4
Mukherjee, P. K., & Wang, M. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780849387869-5 · Cited by 2
Fungal Drug Resistance: Azoles
Lopez-Ribot, J. L., Wiederhold, N. P., & Patterson, T. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46718-4_27 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Franz, R., Kelly, S. L., Lamb, D. C., Kelly, D. E., Ruhnke, M., & Morschhäuser, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Aberystwyth University (GB)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- <!--label omitted: 1-->Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg,1 and
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1998-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3065-3072
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- PMC
- PMC106000
- OpenAlex
- W2160765565
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, fluconazole resistance, oropharyngeal candidiasis, AIDS, MDR1 gene, ERG11, sterol 14α-demethylase, major facilitator superfamily, drug accumulation, microevolution, recurrent infections, antifungal resistance mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Oxidoreductases, RNA, Bacterial, Blotting, Southern, Blotting, Northern, Fluconazole, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Genes, MDR, Sterol 14-Demethylase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review