Contribution of a sodium ion gradient to energy conservation during fermentation in the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima CS-328
Open accessAbstract
Sodium gradients in cyanobacteria play an important role in energy storage under photoautotrophic conditions but have not been well studied during autofermentative metabolism under the dark, anoxic conditions widely used to produce precursors to fuels. Here we demonstrate significant stress-induced acceleration of autofermentation of photosynthetically generated carbohydrates (glycogen and sugars) to form excreted organic acids, alcohols, and hydrogen gas by the halophilic, alkalophilic cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima CS-328. When suspended in potassium versus sodium phosphate buffers at the start of autofermentation to remove the sodium ion gradient, photoautotrophically grown cells catabolized more intracellular carbohydrates while producing 67% higher yields of hydrogen, acetate, and ethanol (and significant amounts of lactate) as fermentative products. A comparable acceleration of fermentative carbohydrate catabolism occurred upon dissipating the sodium gradient via addition of the sodium-channel blocker quinidine or the sodium-ionophore monensin but not upon dissipating the proton gradient with the proton-ionophore dinitrophenol (DNP). The data demonstrate that intracellular energy is stored via a sodium gradient during autofermentative metabolism and that, when this gradient is blocked, the blockage is compensated by increased energy conversion via carbohydrate catabolism.
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Increased osmotic stress can induce Arthrospira cells to synthesize osmoprotectants (trehalose, glucosyl-glycerol, and glucosyl-glycerate).
“An increase in osmotic stress can induce Arthrospira cells to synthesize osmoprotectants (trehalose, glucosyl-glycerol, and glucosyl-glycerate) [76]”
From Arthrospira platensis as a Feasible Feedstock for Bioethanol Production (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Carrieri, D., Ananyev, G., Lenz, O., Bryant, D. A., & Dismukes, G. C.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dismukes, G. Charles
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2011-10-15
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 7185-7194
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC3194876
- OpenAlex
- W2017643938
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (FG02-07ER64488, DE‐FG02‐)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 498)
- U.S. Air Force (FA9550)
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (FA9550-05-1-0365)
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- Arthrospira maxima, Spirulina, hydrogen production, carbohydrate catabolism, energy conservation, sodium channel blockade, quinidine, monensin, proton gradient, glycogen, acetate, ethanol, lactate, halophilic cyanobacteria
- MeSH terms
- Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, DNA, Bacterial, Energy Metabolism, Fermentation, Hydrogen, Ions, Molecular Sequence Data, Potassium, Sodium, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Phototrophic Processes, Autotrophic Processes, Spirulina
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