Cited by 983Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingFungal and yeast genetics research

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Quorum Sensing in the Dimorphic Fungus Candida albicans Is Mediated by Farnesol

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Hornby, Jacob M., Jensen, Ellen C., Lisec, Amber D., Tasto, Joseph J., Jahnke, Brandon, Shoemaker, Richard, Dussault, Patrick, Nickerson, Kenneth W.·2001·Applied and Environmental Microbiology

DOI 10.1128/aem.67.7.2982-2992.2001PMC PMC92970

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Abstract

The inoculum size effect in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans results from production of an extracellular quorum-sensing molecule (QSM). This molecule prevents mycelial development in both a growth morphology assay and a differentiation assay using three chemically distinct triggers for germ tube formation (GTF): L-proline, N-acetylglucosamine, and serum (either pig or fetal bovine). In all cases, the presence of QSM prevents the yeast-to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding yeasts without influencing cellular growth rates. QSM exhibits general cross-reactivity within C. albicans in that supernatants from strain A72 are active on five other strains of C. albicans and vice versa. The QSM excreted by C. albicans is farnesol (C(15)H(26)O; molecular weight, 222.37). QSM is extracellular, and is produced continuously during growth and over a temperature range from 23 to 43 degrees C, in amounts roughly proportional to the CFU/milliliter. Production is not dependent on the type of carbon source nor nitrogen source or on the chemical nature of the growth medium. Both commercial mixed isomer and (E,E)-farnesol exhibited QSM activity (the ability to prevent GTF) at a level sufficient to account for all the QSM activity present in C. albicans supernatants, i.e., 50% GTF at ca. 30 to 35 microM. Nerolidol was ca. two times less active than farnesol. Neither geraniol (C(10)), geranylgeraniol (C(20)), nor farnesyl pyrophosphate had any QSM activity.

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Tasmania, R. L. (2012) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)

Authors: Hornby, J. M., Jensen, E. C., Lisec, A. D., Tasto, J. J., Jahnke, B., Shoemaker, R., Dussault, P., & Nickerson, K. W.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University (US)
ORCID: Shoemaker, Richard
Dussault, Patrick
Nickerson, Kenneth W.
Venue: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2001-07
Volume: 67
Issue: 7
Pages: 2982-2992
ISSN: 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
1098-5336
DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.2982-2992.2001
PMC: PMC92970
OpenAlex: W2144677145
Cited by: 983
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 50
FWCI: 10.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Keywords: quorum sensing, Candida albicans, farnesol, dimorphic fungi, germ tube formation, mycelial development, extracellular signaling molecules, inoculum size effect, nerolidol, geranylgeraniol, geraniol, farnesyl pyrophosphate
MeSH terms: Candida albicans, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Culture Media, Farnesol, Hot Temperature, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

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Quorum Sensing in the Dimorphic Fungus Candida albicans Is Mediated by Farnesol

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