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Cited by 565

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 200 of the 200 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection

Open access
Drain, Paul K., Bajema, Kristina L., Dowdy, David, Dheda, Keertan, Naidoo, Kogieleum, Schumacher, Samuel G., Ma, Shuyi, Meermeier, Erin, Lewinsohn, David M., Sherman, David R.·2018·Clinical Microbiology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/cmr.00021-18
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Abstract

SUMMARY: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, due in part to a limited understanding of its clinical pathogenic spectrum of infection and disease. Historically, scientific research, diagnostic testing, and drug treatment have focused on addressing one of two disease states: latent TB infection or active TB disease. Recent research has clearly demonstrated that human TB infection, from latent infection to active disease, exists within a continuous spectrum of metabolic bacterial activity and antagonistic immunological responses. This revised understanding leads us to propose two additional clinical states: incipient and subclinical TB. The recognition of incipient and subclinical TB, which helps divide latent and active TB along the clinical disease spectrum, provides opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent progression to active TB disease and transmission of TB bacilli. In this report, we review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, immunology, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both incipient and subclinical TB, two emerging clinical states of an ancient bacterium.

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Citations

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Metadata

Authors
Drain, P. K., Bajema, K. L., Dowdy, D., Dheda, K., Naidoo, K., Schumacher, S. G., Ma, S., Meermeier, E., Lewinsohn, D. M., & Sherman, D. R.
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2018-10
Volume
31
Issue
4
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
DOI
10.1128/cmr.00021-18
OpenAlex
W2884239386
Cited by
565
References
200
FWCI
28.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/cmr.00021-18
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Drain, P. K., Bajema, K. L., Dowdy, D., Dheda, K., Naidoo, K., Schumacher, S. G., Ma, S., Meermeier, E., Lewinsohn, D. M., & Sherman, D. R. (2018). Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-18

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