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Cited by 1,066

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Microorganisms Resistant to Free-Living Amoebae

Open access
Greub, Gilbert, Raoult, Didier·2004·Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Abstract

SUMMARY: Free-living amoebae feed on bacteria, fungi, and algae. However, some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to these protists. These amoeba-resistant microorganisms include established pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Legionella spp.,Chlamydophila pneumoniae,Mycobacterium avium,Listeria monocytogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Francisella tularensis, and emerging pathogens, such as Bosea spp.,Simkania negevensis, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, and Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. Some of these amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB) are lytic for their amoebal host, while others are considered endosymbionts, since a stable host-parasite ratio is maintained. Free-living amoebae represent an important reservoir of ARB and may, while encysted, protect the internalized bacteria from chlorine and other biocides. Free-living amoebae may act as a Trojan horse, bringing hidden ARB within the human “Troy,” and may produce vesicles filled with ARB, increasing their transmission potential. Free-living amoebae may also play a role in the selection of virulence traits and in adaptation to survival in macrophages. Thus, intra-amoebal growth was found to enhance virulence, and similar mechanisms seem to be implicated in the survival of ARB in response to both amoebae and macrophages. Moreover, free-living amoebae represent a useful tool for the culture of some intracellular bacteria and new bacterial species that might be potential emerging pathogens.

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Crossref · 10.1128/cmr.17.2.413-433.2004

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Metadata

Authors
Greub, G., & Raoult, D.
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Published
2004-04
Volume
17
Issue
2
Pages
413-433
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
OpenAlex
W2131227464
Cited by
1,066
References
7
FWCI
19.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microorganisms Resistant to Free-Living Amoebae. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/cmr.17.2.413-433.2004
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Greub, G., & Raoult, D. (2004). Microorganisms Resistant to Free-Living Amoebae. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.2.413-433.2004

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