The DOI matches its Crossref record; 494 of the 494 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS--100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans
Open accessAbstract
Although Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcosis have existed for several millennia, a century has passed since the discovery of this encapsulated yeast and its devastating disease. With the advent of the AIDS pandemic, cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality and a frequently life-threatening opportunistic mycosis among patients with AIDS. Both basic and clinical research have accelerated in the 1990s, and this review attempts to highlight some of these advances. The discussion covers recent findings, current concepts, controversies, and unresolved issues related to the ecology and genetics of C. neoformans; the surface structure of the yeast; and the mechanisms of host defense. Regarding cell-mediated immunity, CD4+ T cells are crucial for successful resistance, but CD8+ T cells may also participate significantly in the cytokine-mediated activation of anticryptococcal effector cells. In addition to cell-mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies to the major capsular polysaccharide, the glucuronoxylomannan, offer some protection in murine models of cryptococcosis. Clinical concepts are presented that relate to the distinctive features of cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS and the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“C. neoformans is a primary human pathogen because it causes life-threatening meningitis primarily in immunocompromised patients (12,13).”
From Cch1 Restores Intracellular Ca2+ in Fungal Cells during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2010) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Store depletion-mediated inward Ca 2ϩ currents were not detected in HEK cells that expressed either Cch1 or Mid1 alone or an empty plasmid, indicating that the activation of these Ca 2ϩ currents was completely dependent on the co-expression of Cch1 and Mid1 and that Cch1 activity required Mid1, consistent with previous genetic evidence (Fig. 2, F-H) (12,14,20,21).”
From Cch1 Restores Intracellular Ca2+ in Fungal Cells during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2010) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Items 401–494 of 494
Erke, K. H., & Schneidau, J. D. (1973) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.7.6.941-948.1973 · Cited by 23
Cryptococcosis (torulosis) of prostate
Braman, R. T. (1981) · Urology · doi:10.1016/0090-4295(81)90056-x · Cited by 23
Intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma
Penar, P. L., Kim, J., Chyatte, D., et al. (1988) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1988.68.1.0145 · Cited by 23
Iron assimilation inCryptococcus neoformans
Jacobson, E. S., & Vartivarian, S. E. (1992) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/02681219280000601 · Cited by 22
Taelman, H., Bogaerts, J., Batungwanayo, J., et al. (1994) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/18.1.119 · Cited by 22
Serotypes of Australian environmental and clinical isolates ofCryptococcus neoformans
Pfeiffer, T., & Ellis, D. H. (1993) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/02681219380000511 · Cited by 22
Cavitary pulmonary cryptococcosis complicated by aspergilloma.
Rosenheim, S., & Schwarz, J. (1975) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1975.111.4.549 · Cited by 22
Genetic resistance to murine cryptococcosis: the beige mutation (Chédiak-Higashi syndrome) in mice
Marquis, G., Montplaisir, S., Pelletier, M., et al. (1985) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.47.1.288-293.1985 · Cited by 21
Staib, F., Seibold, M., Cage, M., et al. (1989) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02227.x · Cited by 21
Lehmann, P. F., Morgan, R. J., & Freimer, E. H. (1984) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(84)90772-2 · Cited by 21
Combined Ocular Infection With Cytomegalovirus and Cryptococcosis
Doft, B. H., & Curtin, V. (1982) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1982.01030040780014 · Cited by 21
Brummer, E., Nassar, F., & Stevens, D. A. (1994) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.38.9.2158 · Cited by 21
Influence of agglutinating antibody in experimental cryptococcal meningitis.
Perfect, J. R., Lang, S. D. R., & Durack, D. T. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Self-citationThe Effect of Cortisone upon Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcosis1, 2
Gadebusch, H. H., & Gikas, P. W. (2015) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · Cited by 21
The immunology of cryptococcal disease.
Miller, G. P. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 21
PULMONARY TORULOSIS COMPLICATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TREATED BY RESECTION
Corpe, R. F., & Lh, P. (1954) · Journal of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0096-5588(20)30448-7 · Cited by 21
Environmental Regulation of Shigella Virulence
Maurelli, A. T., Hromockyj, A. E., & Bernardini, M. L. (1992) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77238-2_5 · Cited by 20
Cryptococcus neoformans: Comparisons of in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of serotypes AD and BC
Fromtling, R. A., Abruzzo, G. K., & Bulmer, G. S. (1986) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/bf00437258 · Cited by 20
Solitary pulmonary nodule due to cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium tuberculosis
Kahn, F. W., England, D. M., & Jones, J. M. (1985) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(85)90413-9 · Cited by 20
Bodenhoff, J. (1968) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1968.tb03215.x · Cited by 20
Cryptococcal Pneumonia: A Fulminant Presentation
Henson, D. J., & Hill, A. R. (1984) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-198412000-00006 · Cited by 20
Activation of the complement system by the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Kozel, T. R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Septation and focal dilatation of ventricles associated with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Ofori-Kwakye, S. K., Wang, A., Morris, J. H., et al. (1986) · Surgical Neurology · doi:10.1016/0090-3019(86)90235-1 · Cited by 19
Fluconazole Therapy for Experimental Cryptococcosis and Candidiasis in the Rabbit
Perfect, J. R. (1990) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_3.s299 · Cited by 19
Self-citationDISTRIBUTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEROTYPES OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS1
Walter, J. E., & COFFEE, E. G. (1968) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120797 · Cited by 19
Ophthalmological complications of cryptococcal meningitis.
Jd, B., Danta, G., Sorrell, T. C., et al. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Cloning, expression, and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans dihydrofolate reductase.
Sirawaraporn, W., Cao, M., Santi, D. V., & Edman, J. C. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52956-2 · Cited by 18
Characterization of the CNRE-1 family of repetitive DNA elements in Cryptococcus neoformans
Spitzer, S. G., & Spitzer, E. D. (1994) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90211-9 · Cited by 18
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting as marrow cryptococcosis
Wong, K. F., Ma, S. K., Chan, J. K. C., et al. (1993) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.2830420412 · Cited by 18
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Presenting with Multiple Pulmonary Nodules
Zlupko, G. M., Fochler, F. J., & Goldschmidt, Z. H. (1980) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.77.4.575 · Cited by 18
Osteomyelitits Due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Advanced Age Case Report and Review of Literature
Kromminga, R., Staib, F., Thalmann, U., et al. (1990) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.1990.33.4.157 · Cited by 17
Cutaneous Mixed Infections in AIDS
Pierard, G., Piérard-Franchimont, C., Estrada, J. A., et al. (1990) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/00000372-199002000-00009 · Cited by 17
Penile cryptococcosis with review of mycotic infections of penis
Perfect, J. R., & Seaworth, B. A. (1985) · Urology · doi:10.1016/0090-4295(85)90469-8 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCloning, expression and characterization of thymidylate synthase from Crypto coccus neoformans
Livi, L. L., Edman, U., Schneider, G. P., et al. (1994) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90430-8 · Cited by 17
Iwata, K., Yamashita, T., Ohsumi, M., Baba, M. A., Naito, N., Taki, A., & Yamada, N. (1990) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/02681219080000101 · Cited by 17
Bottone, E. J., & Wormser, G. P. (1986) · Aids Research · doi:10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.219 · Cited by 17
Parker, A. R., Moore, T. D. E., Edman, J. C., et al. (1994) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90336-0 · Cited by 17
Chemotactic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cryptococcal meningitis
Perfect, J. R., & Durack, D. T. (1985) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/00362178585380071 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCutaneous cryptococcal infection presenting as vulvar lesion.
Blocher, K. S., Weeks, J. A., & Noble, R. C. (1987) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.63.5.341 · Cited by 17
Pulmonary cryptococcosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
Gi, T., & Seeman, R. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Uber eine durch Coccidien hervergerufene Krankheit des Menschen
Buschke, A. (1895) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17
Cutaneous cryptococcosis in athymic and beige-athymic mice
Salkowski, C. A., & Balish, E. (1991) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.59.5.1785-1789.1991 · Cited by 16
Multiple Pulmonary Nodules with Central Cavitation
Hunt, K. K., Enquist, R. W., & Bowen, T. E. (1976) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.69.4.529 · Cited by 16
van Gemert, H. M. A., & Vermeulen, M. J. (1991) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(05)80016-2 · Cited by 14
Cryptococcosis in domestic mammals Cryptococcose bei Haustier — Saugern
Faggi, E., Gargani, G., Pizzirani, C., et al. (1993) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1993.tb00745.x · Cited by 14
Japanese summer‐type hypersensitivity pneumonitis: studies using Cryptococcus antigen
Miyagawa, T., Hamagami, S., Ochi, T., et al. (1982) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1982.tb02538.x · Cited by 14
Laroche, R., Dupont, B., Touze, J. E., Taelman, H., Bogaerts, J., Kadio, A., MʼPelé, P., Latif, A., Aubry, P., Durbec, J. P., et al. (1992) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/02681219280000091 · Cited by 14
Feline meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and review of feline cryptococcosis
Pal, M. S. (1991) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1991.tb00666.x · Cited by 14
CONCURRENT HYDATID DISEASE AND CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN A 16‐YEAR‐OLD GIRL
Dalgleish, A. G. (1981) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1981.tb100838.x · Cited by 14
Functional equivalence of cryptococcal and haptene-specific T suppressor factor (TsF)
Blackstock, R., Zembala, M., & Asherson, G. L. (1991) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90365-i · Cited by 13
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in AIDS
Khardori, N. M., Butt, F. M., & Rolston, K. V. I. (1988) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.93.6.1319-c · Cited by 13
Immunological studies of the anticryptococcal factor of normal human serum
Reiss, F., Szilagyi, G., & Mayer, E. L. (1975) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/bf00491504 · Cited by 13
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Complications Due to Intrathecal Treatment
Schønheyder, H. C., Thestrup‐Pedersen, K., Esmann, V., et al. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/inf.1980.12.issue-2.16 · Cited by 13
Inflammatory Responses to Cryptococcosis in Congenitally Athymic Mice
Salkowski, C. A., & Balish, E. (1991) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.49.6.533 · Cited by 13
Pulmonary Cryptocococcis followed by Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Riley, E. A., & Cahan, W. G. (1972) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/arrd.1972.106.4.594 · Cited by 13
Gordon, M. A., & Lapa, E. W. (1971) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/56.3.354 · Cited by 13
Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
En, P., Maayan, S., Sn, M., et al. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Anderson, D. M., & Dykstra, M. A. (1984) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/bf00441128 · Cited by 12
Giant ‘Cryptococcoma’ of the lung
Menon, A., & Rajamani, R. (1976) · British Journal of Diseases of the Chest · doi:10.1016/0007-0971(76)90043-7 · Cited by 12
Functional equivalence of cryptococcal and haptene-specific T suppressor factor (TsF)
Blackstock, R., Zembala, M., & Asherson, G. L. (1991) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90366-j · Cited by 11
CT of multiple intracranial cryptococcoma.
Arrington, J. A., Murtagh, F. R., Martinez, C. R., et al. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Cimetidine and Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
(1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198507253130413 · Cited by 11
Belay, T., Cherniak, R., & Shinoda, T. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.7.2879-2885.1993 · Cited by 10
Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans obtained from patients with AIDS
Cherniak, R., Morris, L., Meyer, S. A., et al. (1993) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/0008-6215(93)84104-e · Cited by 10
Serotipificacion de 27 cepas de cryptococcus neoformans aisladas en venezuela
Villanueva, E., Mendoza, M., de Torres, E. D., et al. (1989) · Acta científica venezolana · Cited by 10
Primary cryptococcal pneumonia mimicking Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with AIDS.
Am, L., Ej, B., Finkel, L. J., et al. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 10
McAllister, C. K., Ognibene, A. J., Davis, C. E. L. B., et al. (1984) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/149.12.684 · Cited by 10
Cryptococcosis in beige mice: the effect of congenital defects in innate immunity on susceptibility
Salkowski, C. A., & Balish, E. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/m91-019 · Cited by 9
ISOLATED PULMONARY CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN A YOUNG ADOLESCENT
Cohen, I. (1985) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-198507000-00022 · Cited by 9
Meningoencephalitis following enucleation for cryptococcal endopthalmitis
Birkmann, L. W., & Bennett, D. R. (1978) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410040518 · Cited by 9
Rubinstein, H., Marticorena, B., Masih, D. T., et al. (1989) · Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo · doi:10.1590/s0036-46651989000100001 · Cited by 8
AIDS-associated Cryptococcosis causing adult respiratory distress syndrome
Similowski, T., Datry, A., Jais, P. H., et al. (1989) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(89)80138-6 · Cited by 8
Christoph, I. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Cryptococcus neoformans-Meningoencephalitis und Mehrfachinfektionen bei AIDS
Zoller, W., Kellner, H., Goebel, F. D., Schmiedtke, K., Holecek, B. U., Staib, F., Seibold, M., & Zöllner, N. (1989) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01721688 · Cited by 7
„Allergic“ cryptococcal pneumonia
Gerstenhaber, B. J., Weiner, B., Morecki, R., et al. (1976) · Lung · doi:10.1007/bf02713534 · Cited by 7
Diastolic hypertension in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis
Fan‐Havard, P., Yamaguchi, E., Smith, S. M. R., et al. (1992) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(92)90245-7 · Cited by 7
Experimental cryptococcal infection in rabbits.
Felton, F. G., Maldonado, W. E., MUCHMORE, H. G., et al. (1966) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1966.94.4.589 · Cited by 7
Cumming, J. G. (1916) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/18.2.151 · Cited by 7
[Serotyping of 27 Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated in Venezuela].
Villanueva, E., Mendoza, M., Torres, E. M., et al. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Immunosuppression by avirulent, pseudohyphal forms ofCryptococcus neoformans
Blackstock, R., & Hall, N. K. (1982) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/bf02993850 · Cited by 6
Clinical isolates of HIV-associated cryptococcosis in Nairobi, Kenya
Batchelor, B. I. F., Brindle, R. J., & Waiyaki, P. G. (1994) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90512-6 · Cited by 6
Neurocriptococose por Cryptococcus neoformans não capsulado
Lacaz, C. S., Heins‐Vaccari, E. M., de Melo, N. T., et al. (1993) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x1993000300019 · Cited by 6
Levitz, S. M., Tabuni, A., Wagner, R., Kornfeld, H., & Smail, E. H. (1992) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/166.4.866 · Cited by 6
Natural Killer Cells and Cryptococcus Neoformans
Murphy, J. W. (1993) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2980-4_37 · Cited by 5
Growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in a thiamine-free medium
Bruatto, M., Vidotto, V., & Maina, A. M. (1992) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/bf00448808 · Cited by 5
New enzyme immunoassay for detecting cryptococcal antigen.
Knight, F. R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.45.9.836 · Cited by 5
Becker, S., & Koren, H. S. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.3_supplement.172s-a · Cited by 5
[An urease negative Cryptococcus neoformans].
Li, A., & Wu, S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Pettoello‐Mantovani, M., Casadevall, A., & GOLDSTEIN, H. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26283.x · Cited by 4
Un cas de cryptococcose pulmonaire pseudo-tumorale.
Paillas, J., Sinico, M., Vieillefond, A., et al. (1982) · Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques · Cited by 3
[Invasive isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis. Case report].
Blanc, M., Leuenberger, P., & Favez, G. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Fouret, P. J., Roux, P., Touboul, J. L., et al. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 1
[A case of pseudotumorous pulmonary cryptococcosis].
Paillas, J., Sinico, M., Vieillefond, A., et al. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Blanc, M., Leuenberger, P., & Favez, G. (1982) · IRIS · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perfect, J. R., Dismukes, W. E., Dromer, F., Goldman, D. L., Graybill, J. R., Hamill, R. J., Harrison, T. S., Larsen, R. A., Lortholary, O., Nguyen, M.-H., et al. (2010) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/649858 · Cited by 2,660
Self-citationSignal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence
Lengeler, K. B., Davidson, R. C., D'souza, C., Harashima, T., Shen, W.-C., Wang, P., Pan, X., Waugh, M., & Heitman, J. (2000) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.64.4.746-785.2000 · Cited by 915
Epidemiology of Invasive Mycoses in North America
Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2010) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.3109/10408410903241444 · Cited by 901
Short-sequence DNA repeats in prokaryotic genomes
van Belkum, A., Scherer, S., van Alphen, L., & Verbrugh, H. (1998) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.62.2.275-293.1998 · Cited by 737
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
Odom, A., Muir, S., Lim, E., Toffaletti, D. L., Perfect, J., & Heitman, J. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.10.2576 · Cited by 516
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mitchell, T. G., & Perfect, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Perfect, J R
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1995-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-548
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- PMC
- PMC172874
- OpenAlex
- W2147038307
- Cited by
- 1,213
- References
- 494
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 29.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai028836-08)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 28836, AI28388, AI 25783, R01AI025783)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Keywords
- Cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis, AIDS, opportunistic fungal infection, cell-mediated immunity, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, glucuronoxylomannan, capsular polysaccharide, monoclonal antibodies, host defense, diagnosis, treatment, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Antifungal Agents, Cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Humans, Virulence, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review