Interleukin-4 Is Essential for the Control of Microfilariae in Murine Infection with the Filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis
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Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filaria which develops from infective larvae into microfilaria-producing adults in immunocompetent laboratory mice. In this study we report that interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice have an up to 100-fold-higher and a significantly prolonged microfilaremia compared to wild-type BALB/c mice, as well as 20 times more microfilariae in the thoracic cavity, the site of infection. While worm development and adult worm persistence were equivalent in IL-4 KO and wild-type mice, the fertility and length of adult female worms in IL-4 KO mice was clearly enhanced. The high susceptibility to microfilariae in IL-4 KO mice required the presence of adult worms in a full infection cycle since microfilariae loads did not differ much between IL-4 KO and wild-type mice when purified microfilariae were injected into mice. In addition, we found that eosinophilia was diminished and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was absent in IL-4 KO mice. IgE, however, does not seem to be the essential factor for microfilarial containment since microfilaremia was not elevated in B-cell KO mice. In conclusion, IL-4 is shown for the first time to be essential for the control of microfilarial loads but not of adult worm loads in a fully permissive murine filarial infection. IL-4 dependent effector pathways seem to operate on adult worms rather than directly on microfilariae.
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In IL-5-deficient mice, microfilaraemia was greatly enhanced and adult worm burden increased.
“In IL-5-deficient mice, microfilaraemia was greatly enhanced and pronounced in addition to increased adult worm burden [50,51].”
From Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
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Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response
Abo-Aziza, F. A. M., Hendawy, S. H. M., Abdullah, H. H. A. M., El Namaky, A., Laidoudi, Y., & Mediannikov, O. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11090979 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In IL-5-deficient mice, microfilaraemia was greatly enhanced and pronounced in addition to increased adult worm burden [50,51].”
Background
- Authors
- Volkmann, L., Saeftel, M., Bain, O., Fischer, K., Fleischer, B., & Hoerauf, A.
- Affiliations
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2950-2956
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC98247
- OpenAlex
- W2117001172
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- IL-4, Litomosoides sigmodontis, filariasis, microfilariae, microfilaremia, eosinophilia, immunoglobulin E, IL-4 knockout mice, host-parasite interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Fertility, Filariasis, Filarioidea, Immunoglobulin E, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Neutrophils, Nitric Oxide, Interleukin-4, Mice, Knockout, Mice
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