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The Origins of 168, W23, and Other Bacillus subtilis Legacy Strains

Open access
Zeigler, Daniel R., Prágai, Zoltán, Rodriguez, Sabrina, Chevreux, Bastien, Muffler, Andrea, Albert, Thomas, Bai, Renyuan, Wyss, Markus, Perkins, John B.·2008·Journal of Bacteriology

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is both a model organism for basic research and an industrial workhorse, yet there are major gaps in our understanding of the genomic heritage and provenance of many widely used strains. We analyzed 17 legacy strains dating to the early years of B. subtilis genetics. For three—NCIB 3610 T , PY79, and SMY—we performed comparative genome sequencing. For the remainder, we used conventional sequencing to sample genomic regions expected to show sequence heterogeneity. Sequence comparisons showed that 168, its siblings (122, 160, and 166), and the type strains NCIB 3610 and ATCC 6051 are highly similar and are likely descendants of the original Marburg strain, although the 168 lineage shows genetic evidence of early domestication. Strains 23, W23, and W23SR are identical in sequence to each other but only 94.6% identical to the Marburg group in the sequenced regions. Strain 23, the probable W23 parent, likely arose from a contaminant in the mutagenesis experiments that produced 168. The remaining strains are all genomic hybrids, showing one or more “W23 islands” in a 168 genomic backbone. Each traces its origin to transformations of 168 derivatives with DNA from 23 or W23. The common prototrophic lab strain PY79 possesses substantial W23 islands at its trp and sac loci, along with large deletions that have reduced its genome 4.3%. SMY, reputed to be the parent of 168, is actually a 168-W23 hybrid that likely shares a recent ancestor with PY79. These data provide greater insight into the genomic history of these B. subtilis legacy strains.

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Metadata

Authors
Zeigler, D. R., Prágai, Z., Rodriguez, S., Chevreux, B., Muffler, A., Albert, T., Bai, R., Wyss, M., & Perkins, J. B.
Venue
Journal of Bacteriology
Published
2008-11
Volume
190
Issue
21
Pages
6983-6995
ISSN
  • 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5530
OpenAlex
W2105128860
Cited by
373
References
59
FWCI
7.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Origins of 168, W23, and Other Bacillus subtilis Legacy Strains. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/jb.00722-08
The paper
Zeigler, D. R., Prágai, Z., Rodriguez, S., Chevreux, B., Muffler, A., Albert, T., Bai, R., Wyss, M., & Perkins, J. B. (2008). The Origins of 168, W23, and Other Bacillus subtilis Legacy Strains. Journal of Bacteriology. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00722-08

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