Protoplasmic organization of hyphal tips among fungi: vesicles and Spitzenkorper.
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Hyphal tips of fungi representing Oömycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes were examined by light and electron microscopy and compared with respect to their protoplasmic organization. In all fungi studied, there is a zone at the hyphal apex which is rich in cytoplasmic vesicles but nearly devoid of other cell components. Some vesicle profiles are continuous with the plasma membrane at the apices of these tip-growing cells. The subapical zones of hyphae contain an endomembrane system which includes smooth-surfaced cisternae associated with small clusters of vesicles. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that vesicles produced by the endomembrane system in the subapical region become concentrated in the apex where they are incorporated at the expanding surface. Septate fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes) have an apical body (Spitzenkörper) which is associated with growing hyphal tips. In electron micrographs of these fungi, an additional specialized region within the accumulation of apical vesicles is shown for the first time. This region corresponds on the bases of distribution among fungi, location in hyphae, size, shape and boundary characteristics to the Spitzenkörper seen by light microscopy. This structure is not universally associated with tip growth, whereas apical vesicles are widespread among tip-growing systems.
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At the apex of hyphae in filamentous fungi, the Spitzenkörper is an accumulation of vesicles that is critical for growth directionality.
“At the apex of hyphae in filamentous fungi, the Spitzenkörper is an accumulation of vesicles that is critical for growth directionality [50],[51].”
From A Sterol-Regulatory Element Binding Protein Is Required for Cell Polarity, Hypoxia Adaptation, Azole Drug Resistance, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus (2008) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Grove, S. N., & Bracker, C. E.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1970-11
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 989-1009
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC285082
- OpenAlex
- W2106158762
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Keywords
- hyphal tip, Spitzenkörper, cytoplasmic vesicles, tip growth, endomembrane system, fungal cell structure
- MeSH terms
- Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Inclusion Bodies, Cytoplasm, Fungi, Golgi Apparatus, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Interference, Microscopy, Phase-Contrast, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Species Specificity, Staining and Labeling
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