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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Displays Multiple Phenotypes during Development as a Biofilm
Open accessAbstract
Complementary approaches were employed to characterize transitional episodes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development using direct observation and whole-cell protein analysis. Microscopy and in situ reporter gene analysis were used to directly observe changes in biofilm physiology and to act as signposts to standardize protein collection for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis and protein identification in chemostat and continuous-culture biofilm-grown populations. Using these approaches, we characterized five stages of biofilm development: (i) reversible attachment, (ii) irreversible attachment, (iii) maturation-1, (iv) maturation-2, and (v) dispersion. Biofilm cells were shown to change regulation of motility, alginate production, and quorum sensing during the process of development. The average difference in detectable protein regulation between each of the five stages of development was 35% (approximately 525 proteins). When planktonic cells were compared with maturation-2 stage biofilm cells, more than 800 proteins were shown to have a sixfold or greater change in expression level (over 50% of the proteome). This difference was higher than when planktonic P. aeruginosa were compared with planktonic cultures of Pseudomonas putida . Las quorum sensing was shown to play no role in early biofilm development but was important in later stages. Biofilm cells in the dispersion stage were more similar to planktonic bacteria than to maturation-2 stage bacteria. These results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa displays multiple phenotypes during biofilm development and that knowledge of stage-specific physiology may be important in detecting and controlling biofilm growth.
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“If this occurs, these microbes change their metabolism11 and a new ecology is set up with a modified microbiome.12,13”
From The Innate Immune System in Acute and Chronic Wounds (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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“However, the general trend seems to be a decrease in the number of differentially expressed genes compared with planktonic growth, as the biofilm matures (Davies et al., 1998; De Kievit et al., 2001; Sauer et al., 2002; Whiteley et al., 2001).”
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“The phenotypic behavior of bacteria regulated by different gene expressions might be unique in different stages of biofilm formation (Sauer et al., 2002; Lazazzera, 2005; Prüß et al., 2006), which have also shown varying degrees of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sauer, K., Camper, A. K., Ehrlich, G. D., Costerton, J. W., & Davies, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Montana State University (US)
- Allegheny-Singer Research Institute (US)
- Binghamton University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2002-02-15
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1140-1154
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC134825
- OpenAlex
- W2122608498
- Cited by
- 1,691
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 112 · 2013: 93 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 20.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Montana State University
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Institutes of Health
- Binghamton University
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC002148, R01DC004173, DC04173-01, DC-02148)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Keywords
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm growth, biofilm maturation, biofilm dispersal, motility regulation, alginate production, quorum sensing, proteome, stage-specific gene expression, planktonic versus biofilm cells, biofilm physiology
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Bacterial Proteins, Phenotype, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Oxidative Stress, Biofilms, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Proteome
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