The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Novel Toxinotyping Scheme and Correlation of Toxinotypes with Serogroups of Clostridium difficile Isolates
Open accessAbstract
Two hundred nineteen Clostridium difficile isolates from 22 serogroups were screened for changes in the genes coding for toxin B ( tcdB ) and toxin A ( tcdA ). Parts of the toxin genes were amplified, and the PCR fragments were checked for length polymorphisms and cut with several restriction enzymes to monitor restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). For 47 strains (21%), differences in the toxin genes were found compared to the toxin genes of reference strain VPI 10463. Polymorphisms were usually observed in both toxin genes. RFLPs were more commonly found in the tcdB gene, in which a single restriction enzyme could give up to five different patterns. Restriction sites seemed to be less heterogeneous in the tcdA gene, in which for most enzymes only two different RFLPs were recognized. However, deletions were observed in tcdA , and four new types of shortened tcdA genes are described. According to the changes in their toxin genes, variant strains could be divided into 10 groups (toxinotypes I to X). A toxinotype was characterized by similar patterns of changes in the toxin genes and in other regions of the pathogenicity locus and also similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Variant toxinotypes were found in 9 of the 22 serogroups studied, and some toxinotypes were clearly associated with specific serogroups. Toxinotype VIII is characteristic for all strains of serogroup F. Other serogroups in which variant toxinotypes were commonly found are A1, A15, E, and X. Testing of variability in C. difficile toxin genes not only might be useful as a molecular typing system but also could have implications in diagnostics and pathogenesis.
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Self-citationTranscription Analysis of the Genes tcdA‐E of the Pathogenicity Locus of Clostridium Difficile
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Cited by
Warny, M., Pepin, J., Fang, A., Killgore, G., Thompson, A., Brazier, J., Frost, E., & McDonald, L. C. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67420-x · Cited by 1,430
Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis
Rupnik, M., Wilcox, M. H., & Gerding, D. N. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2164 · Cited by 1,380
Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey
Bauer, M. P., Notermans, D. W., van Benthem, B. H., Brazier, J. S., Wilcox, M. H., Rupnik, M., Monnet, D. L., van Dissel, J. T., & Kuijper, E. J. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61266-4 · Cited by 1,020
Self-citationEmergence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in North America and Europe
Kuijper, E. J., Coignard, B., & Tüll, P. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01580.x · Cited by 855
Narrative Review: The New Epidemic of Clostridium difficile–Associated Enteric Disease
Bartlett, J. G. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-10-200611210-00008 · Cited by 599
Metadata
- Authors
- Rupnik, M., Avesani, V., Janc, M., von Eichel-Streiber, C., & Delmée, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2240-2247
- ISSN
- 0095-1137 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-660X
- OpenAlex
- W2115419460
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 5.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Rupnik, M., Avesani, V., Janc, M., von Eichel-Streiber, C., & Delmée, M. (1998). A Novel Toxinotyping Scheme and Correlation of Toxinotypes with Serogroups of Clostridium difficile Isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2240-2247.1998
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