Longitudinal Study of the Excretion Patterns of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Young Pet Dogs in Denmark
Open accessAbstract
The Campylobacter excretion patterns of 26 domestic pet dogs were described in a longitudinal study. The dogs entered the study between 3 and 8 months of age and were monitored until 2 years of age. They were tested monthly for Campylobacter carriage in stool samples that were cultured on the Campylobacter-selective media CAT and modified CCDA agar at 37 and 42°C. This study comprised 366 fecal swab samples, of which 278 (76.2%) were found to be Campylobacter positive, with the following distribution of species: 75.0%Campylobacter upsaliensis, 19.4%Campylobacter jejuni, 2.1%Campylobacter lari, 0.7%Campylobacter coli, and 2.8%Campylobacter spp. Isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to elucidate the strain excretion pattern. All study dogs excreted Campylobacter spp. during the study period. At 3 months of age, 60% of the dogs carried Campylobacter, increasing to nearly 100% carriers at 1 year of age, whereafter the carriage rate decreased to 67% at 24 months of age. The PFGE types showed that individual dogs were often colonized by unique strains of C. upsaliensis for several months, up to 21 months or longer. These C. upsaliensis strains were either clonal (or underwent concurrent minor mutative changes) or independent strains. In contrast, the excreted C. jejuni isolates were much more diverse and, in most cases, only seen in one sample from each dog. A high degree of diversity among different dogs was seen. We conclude that young domestic pet dogs excreted Campylobacter spp. during the majority of their puppyhood and adolescent period. In general C. upsaliensis strains were excreted for months, with short-term interruptions by or cocolonization with other transitory Campylobacter spp., predominantly C. jejuni. C. jejuni was more prevalent in dogs between 3 months and 1 year of age than in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age.
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It is likely that a small proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases are acquired through contact with pets.
“It is likely that a small proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases are acquired through contact with pets.”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Hald et al. 2004
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“One candidate for such a pathogen would be Campylobacter upsaliensis.(22) Having had recent contact with cows was found to be a protective factor, although it affected only a small number of cases.”
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“jejuni in clinically normal dogs appears to be higher in dogs <6 months of age, we included only dogs >1 year of age in both groups.(20,21)”
BackgroundA Systematic Review on the Role of Wildlife as Carriers and Spreaders of Campylobacter spp.
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“upsaliensis shedding were similar to studies from North America and Europe (Sandberg et al., 2002; Hald et al., 2004; Wieland et al., 2005; Acke et al., 2006; Westgarth et al., 2009; Parsons et al., 2010; Leonard et al., 2011a).”
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“7–100% of dogs shed multiple Campylobacter species [8–12].”
BackgroundDevelopmental stages in microbiota, bile acids, and clostridial species in healthy puppies
Blake, A. B., Cigarroa, A., Klein, H. L., Khattab, M. R., Keating, T., Coevering, P. V. D., Lidbury, J. A., Steiner, J. M., & Suchodolski, J. S. (2020) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.15928 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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“Living with dogs and cats has been documented to be a specific risk factor for Campylobacter infection (Lopez et al. 2002, Hald et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Comparison of Different Culture Methods for the Recovery ofCampylobacterSpecies from Pets
Acke, E., McGill, K., Golden, O., Jones, B. R., Fanning, S., & Whyte, P. (2009) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01205.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Hald et al. (2004) reported a study on Campylobacter spp. isolation rates and speciation in pets where it was noted that the direct method onto CAT agar was adequate for the isolation of C. upsalienis, as long as an incubation time of at least 4 days was used.”
Parsons, B. N., Cody, A. J., Porter, C. J., Stavisky, J., Smith, J. L., Williams, N. J., Leatherbarrow, A. J. H., Hart, C. A., Gaskell, R. M., Dingle, K. E., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01046-09 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“High prevalences, such as those found in our study of kennelled and hunt dogs, have also been found in various study populations and particular demographic groups in other countries (19, 20, 24, 40, 48).”
BackgroundA Comparative Exposure Assessment of Campylobacter in Ontario, Canada
Pintar, K. D. M., Thomas, K. M., Christidis, T., Otten, A., Nesbitt, A., Marshall, B. J., Pollari, F., Hurst, M., & Ravel, A. (2016) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12653 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Given the paucity of subtyping methods,(31,115) large Bayesian initiatives based on Campylobacter subtypes have not yet been done but are being considered currently in Canada.”
BackgroundCarbonero, A., Torralbo, A., Borge, C., García‐Bocanegra, I., Arenas, A., & Peréa, A. (2012) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2012.05.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes contamination in French laying hens and broiler flocks
Aury, K., Bouquin, S. L., Toquin, M. T., Huneau‐Salaün, A., Nôtre, Y. L., Allain, V., Petetin, I., Fravalo, P., & Chemaly, M. (2010) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.11.017 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Holmberg, M., Rosendal, T., Engvall, E. O., Ohlson, A., & Lindberg, A. (2015) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0108-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Especially in young dogs (<1 year), Campylobacter is often found in faecal samples and the dogs usually shed the bacteria without showing any clinical signs [3,4].”
BackgroundInfluentialLeonard, E. K., Pearl, D. L., Janecko, N., Weese, J. S., Reid‐Smith, R. J., Peregrine, A. S., & Finley, R. L. (2011) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268810002906 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This is probably due to the inexperienced immune systems of the younger dogs; as dogs mature the occurrence of Campylobacter carriage decreases [6, 29].”
BackgroundSurvey of Campylobacter spp. in owned and unowned dogs and cats in Northern Italy
Giacomelli, M., Follador, N., Coppola, L. M., Martini, M., & Piccirillo, A. (2015) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.017 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Strain variation within Campylobacter species in fecal samples from dogs and cats
Koene, M. G. J., Houwers, D. J., Dijkstra, J. R., Duim, B., & Wagenaar, J. A. (2008) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.022 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Both in humans, and in animals like chickens (Boer et al., 2002; Hanninen et al., 1999), pigs (Weijtens et al., 1999) and dogs (Hald et al., 2004) time related differences in molecular fingerprints have been described.”
InfluentialPrevalence and shedding patterns of Campylobacter spp. in longitudinal studies of kennelled dogs
Parsons, B. N., Williams, N. J., Pinchbeck, G. L., Christley, R., Hart, C. A., Gaskell, R. M., & Dawson, S. (2010) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.10.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“were not necessarily cultured in every faecal sample from an infected animal (Newton et al., 1988; Hald et al., 2004), have previously been reported.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialOlkkola, S., Kovanen, S., Roine, J., Hänninen, M., Hielm-Björkman, A. K., & Kivistö, R. I. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132660 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Prevalence of Campylobacter and four endoparasites in dog populations associated with Hearing Dogs
Guest, C., Stephen, J. M., & Price, C. J. (2007) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00367.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effects of Short‐Chain Nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro
Horrocks, S. M., Jung, Y., Huwe, J. K., Harvey, R. B., Ricke, S. C., Carstens, G. E., Callaway, T. R., Anderson, R. C., Ramlachan, N., & Nisbet, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00255.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Arsenault, J., Michel, P., Berke, O., Ravel, A., & Gosselin, P. (2011) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268811000628 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“by the bacteria [39], and contact with pets has been reported as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis especially in young children [40].”
BackgroundKaindama, L., Jenkins, C., Aird, H. C., Jorgensen, F., Stoker, K., & Byrne, L. (2021) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268821001072 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Risk factors for the carriage of Campylobacter upsaliensis by dogs in a community in Cheshire
Westgarth, C., Nicolson, L., Pinchbeck, G. L., Christley, R., Dawson, S., Porter, C. J., Birtles, R. J., Williams, N. J., Gaskell, R. M., & Hart, C. A. (2009) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.165.18.526 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
de Haan, C. P. A., Lampén, K., Corander, J., & Hänninen, M. (2012) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01525.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Consumption of raw milk (Peterson, 2003) and contact with pets (Hald et al., 2004) are also known as significant risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis.”
BackgroundGenotypes and antibiotic resistance of canine Campylobacter jejuni isolates
Amar, C., Kittl, S., Spreng, D., Thomann, A., Korczak, B. M., Burnens, A. P., & Kuhnert, P. (2013) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bojanić, K., Midwinter, A. C., Marshall, J. C., Biggs, P. J., & Acke, E. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · doi:10.1177/1040638718820082 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Masila, N. M., Ross, K., Gardner, M., & Whiley, H. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9100799 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Faecal Campylobacter shedding among dogs in animal shelters across Texas
Leahy, A. M., Cummings, K. J., Rodriguez‐Rivera, L. D., Hamer, S. A., & Lawhon, S. D. (2017) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/zph.12356 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Moffatt, C. R. M., Appuhamy, R., Andrew, W., Wynn, S., Roberts, J. L., & Kennedy, K. (2014) · Western Pacific surveillance response journal · doi:10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.2.009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Andrzejewska, M., Klawe, J. J., Szczepańska, B., & Śpica, D. (2011) · Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.2478/v10181-011-0031-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Dogs and cats often live in close proximity to humans, especially children, what brings probability of direct transmission of these pathogens (Hald et al. 1997, Hald et al. 2004).”
BackgroundMolecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter Species
On, S. L. W., McCarthy, N. D., Miller, W. G., & Gilpin, B. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815554.ch10 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Damborg, P., Guardabassi, L., Pedersen, K., & Kokotovic, B. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00079-08 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“These pet animals are often healthy carriers, and more than 50% of individual dogs and cats can be colonized (7, 9).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPrevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter species in dogs and cats in Iran
Torkan, S., Vazirian, B., Khamesipour, F., & Dida, G. O. (2018) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.117 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“(2017) in Malaysia but lower than those previously reported in other parts of Iran and a few other countries (Hald et al. 2004; Salihu et al. 2010; Carbonero et al. 2012).”
ResultCharacteristics of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Australia, 2001 to 2016
Moffatt, C. R. M., Fearnley, E., Bell, R., Wright, R., Gregory, J., Sloan-Gardner, T., Kirk, M., & Stafford, R. J. (2019) · Foodborne Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1089/fpd.2019.2731 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Carriage and excretion of Campylobacter spp. in puppies and adolescent dogs is well-recognized (Hald et al. , 2004), whereas associations between human illness and puppy ownership have been demonstrated (Stafford et al. , 2007; Mughini Gras et al. , 2013).”
BARF (Biologisch Artgerechte Rohfütterung) als Ernährungsform bei Hunden
Kölle, P., & Schmidt, M. (2015) · Tierärztliche Praxis K: Kleintiere/Heimtiere · doi:10.15654/tpk-150782 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Acke, E., Carroll, C., O'Leary, A., McGill, K., Kelly, L., Lawlor, A., Madden, R. H., Moran, L., Scates, P., McNamara, E., et al. (2011) · Irish Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1186/2046-0481-64-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“jejuni populations, intermittent excretion of campylobacters [25], and the high level of genetic diversity in C.”
BackgroundKamei, K., Asakura, M., Somroop, S., Hatanaka, N., Hinenoya, A., Nagita, A., Misawa, N., Matsuda, M., Nakagawa, S., & Yamasaki, S. (2014) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.071498-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Karama, M., Cenci-Goga, B. T., Prosperi, A., Etter, E. M. C., El-Ashram, S. A., McCrindle, C. M. E., Ombui, J. N., & Kalake, A. (2019) · Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1673 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Although dogs are considered an important reservoir of Campylobacter spp. (Hald & Madsen 1997; Hald et al. 2004), current data on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs in South Africa and on the African continent are lacking.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThakur, S., & Gebreyes, W. A. (2010) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01363.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Relatively few studies have been conducted to determine the diversity of Salmonella and Campylobacter in dogs, pigs, broiler caeca, broiler carcasses and sheep (Weijtens et al., 1999; Hiett et al., 2003; Wonderling et al., 2003; Hald et al., 2004; Açik and Cetinkaya et al., 2006; De Cesare et al., 2008; Hunter et al.,…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and occurrence of virulence genes isolated from dogs
Selwet, M., Cłapa, T., Galbas, M., Słomski, R., & Porzucek, F. (2015) · Polish Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.33073/pjm-2015-011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The most frequently isolated species from dogs in Denmark are: Campylobacter upsaliensis 75%, Campylobacter jejuni 19.4% and Campylobacter coli 0.7% (Hald et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialZoonotic waterborne pathogen loads in livestock
Atwill, E. R., Li, X., Grace, D., & Gannon, V. P. J. (2012) · CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Prevalence of most common human pathogenicCampylobacterspp. in dogs and cats in Styria, Austria
Pölzler, T., Stüger, H., & Lassnig, H. (2018) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.93 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…rate of C. spp. in faeces of dogs and cats differed primarily in relation to the age of the animals (Torre & Tello 1993; Engvall et al. 2003; Hald et al. 2004; Bender et al. 2005; Wieland et al. 2005; Acke et al. 2009a,b,c; Holmberg et al. 2015), the predominant Campylobacter species (Hald…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOccurrence of Campylobacter in dogs and cats in Selangor Malaysia and the associated risk factors
Mohammed, D. G., Abdul-Aziz, S., Dhaliwal, G. K., Zakaria, Z., Bitrus, A. A., Jalo, I. M., Aung, W. W., Mohamed, M. A., & Aliyu, A. B. (2017) · Malaysian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.21161/mjm.83916 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Several studies conducted across the globe found that younger dogs are more likely to carry Campylobacter spp. than older dogs, and C. upsaliensis is the most common species isolated (Hald et al., 2004; Sandberg et al., 2002; Wieland et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential(EFSA), E. F. S. A. (2005) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2005.173 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cho, H.-H., Kim, S.-H., Min, W., Ku, B.-K., & Kim, Y.-H. (2014) · Korean Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.14405/kjvr.2014.54.1.39 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“upsaliensis have been demonstrated to be the predominant species in dogs [15], especially in in the household dogs raised in Gyeongnam and Busan areas.”
BackgroundResultAhmed, I., Verma, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2018) · Veterinary and Animal Science · doi:10.1016/j.vas.2018.07.001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Contrary to this, several studies found no association between a dog's Campylobacter carrier status, and whether or not they lived with other animals (Acke et al., 2006; Engvall et al., 2003; Hald et al., 2004; Parsons et al., 2010; Sandberg et al., 2002), suggesting Campylobacter as a commensal (Engvall et al.”
ResultArnecke, A. L., Schwarz, Š., Lübke‐Becker, A., Jensen, K. C., & Bahramsoltani, M. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14223346 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This highlights a significant gap in risk awareness, which could lead to the spread of zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially given the possibility of asymptomatic carriage of these pathogens by animals consuming raw meat [110–112].”
Cocco, A., Alessiani, A., Salini, R., Iapaolo, F., Averaimo, D., Pompilii, C., Foschi, G., Bellucci, F., Iannino, F., Villa, P. D., et al. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12050863 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The prevalent species of these pathogens in dogs are Campylobacter upsaliensis [27], S.”
BackgroundMohan, V., Stevenson, M., Marshall, J., & French, N. P. (2017) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1311810 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lazou, T. P., Fragkou, F. C., Gelasakis, A. Ι., Dovas, C. Ι., Soultos, N., Adamama‐Moraitou, K. K., Rallis, T. S., & Iossifidou, E. G. (2017) · BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE · doi:10.15547/bjvm.1003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In a longitudinal study by Hald et al. (2004), three month-old dogs were 60% Campylobacter-positive, with the prevalence of contamination reaching almost 100% at 12 months of age and then decreasing to 67% when the dogs were 24 months old.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKöpek ve Kedilerden Thermofilik Campylobacter İzolasyonu ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Aslantaş, Ö. (2018) · Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.9775/kvfd.2018.20952 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Abay, S., Aydın, F., Hızlısoy, H., & Güneş, V. (2014) · Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.9775/kvfd.2014.11010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“[37] reported that ten dogs were positive for concurrent infection with Campylobacter species.”
BackgroundMandrell, R. E., & Miller, W. G. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845691394.2.476 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Review of Campylobacter Infections in Dogs
(2021) · International Journal of Veterinary Science · doi:10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.057 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stull, J. W. (2012) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Harriott, L. (2018) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2018.223 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“being the most susceptible to infection (Hald et al., 2004; Sandberg et al., 2002; Westgarth et al., 2009).”
Shen, Z., Wang, Y., & Shen, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818619-0.00075-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Finnish cattle as reservoir of Campylobacter spp.
Hakkinen, M. (2010) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 3 · see citing works
CAMPYLOBACTER: A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND PREVENTION
(2022) · National Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.37605/v3i2/4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Selwet, M. (2019) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.1515/biol-2019-0077 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Isolation, Molecular Detection, and Risk Factors of Campylobacter Infection From Companion Dogs
Gharibi, D., Mosallanejad, B., Avizeh, R., & Feyzabadi, M. M. (2020) · International Journal of Enteric Pathogens · doi:10.34172/ijep.2020.27 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Walk in the Park: Zoonotic Risks Associated with Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Southern Ontario
Procter, T. D. (2012) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Weese, J. S., & Fulford, M. B. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470958957.ch2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pegg, E., Jackson, J., Evans, C., & Cohen, V. (2024) · doi:10.46756/sci.fsa.nss574 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter and Campylobacter
McDermott, P. F., Simala‐Grant, J. L., & Taylor, D. E. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-595-8_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zoonoses Associated with the Canines in India
Kalambhe, D. G., Lokesh, K. M., & Gill, J. P. (2022) · Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.31080/asvs.2022.04.0370 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Collins, J. M., & Lorber, B. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815950.ch5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Molecular typing and source attribution of Finnish Campylobacter jejuni isolates
Skarp, A. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter and Campylobacter
McDermott, P. F., & Mégraud, F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47266-9_14
- Authors
- Hald, B., Pedersen, K., Wainø, M., Jørgensen, J. C., & Madsen, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Poultry, Fish, and Fur Animals, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, DK-8200 Århus N, Denmark
- ORCID
- Pedersen, Karl
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2003-2012
- ISSN
- 0095-1137 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-660X
- PMC
- PMC404596
- OpenAlex
- W2157228229
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- Campylobacter, Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter jejuni, pet dogs, fecal carriage, strain diversity, zoonotic transmission, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter coli
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Campylobacter, Campylobacter Infections, Carrier State, Denmark, Disease Reservoirs, DNA, Bacterial, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk Factors, Species Specificity, Campylobacter jejuni, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
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