Cited by 894Gut microbiota and healthInflammatory Bowel DiseaseMicroscopic Colitis

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Spatial Organization and Composition of the Mucosal Flora in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Swidsinski, Alexander, Weber, Jutta, Loening-Baucke, Vera, Hale, Laura P., Lochs, Herbert·2005·Journal of Clinical Microbiology

DOI 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3380-3389.2005PMC PMC1169142

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Abstract

The composition and spatial organization of the mucosal flora in biopsy specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), self-limiting colitis, irritable-bowel syndrome (IBS), and healthy controls were investigated by using a broad range of fluorescent bacterial group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Each group included 20 subjects. Ten patients who had IBD and who were being treated with antibiotics were also studied. Use of nonaqueous Carnoy fixative to preserve the mucus layer was crucial for detection of bacteria adherent to the mucosal surface (mucosal bacteria). No biofilm was detectable in formalin-fixed biopsy specimens. Mucosal bacteria were found at concentrations greater than 10 9 /ml in 90 to 95% of IBD patients, 95% of patients with self-limiting colitis, 65% of IBS patients, and 35% of healthy controls. The mean density of the mucosal biofilm was 2 powers higher in IBD patients than in patients with IBS or controls, and bacteria were mostly adherent. Bacteroides fragilis was responsible for >60% of the biofilm mass in patients with IBD but for only 30% of the biofilm mass in patients with self-limiting colitis and <15% of the biofilm mass in patients with IBS. In contrast, bacteria which positively hybridized with the probe specific for Eubacterium rectale - Clostridium coccoides accounted for >40% of the biofilm in IBS patients but for <15% of the biofilm in IBD patients. In patients treated with (5-ASA) or antibiotics, the biofilm could be detected with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole but did not hybridize with fluorescence in situ hybridization probes. A Bacteroides fragilis biofilm is the main feature of IBD. This was not previously recognized due to a lack of appropriate tissue fixation. Both 5-ASA and antibiotics suppress but do not eliminate the adherent biofilm.

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Authors: Swidsinski, A., Weber, J., Loening-Baucke, V., Hale, L. P., & Lochs, H.
Affiliations: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Duke Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Swidsinski, Alexander
Hale, Laura P.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2005-07
Volume: 43
Issue: 7
Pages: 3380-3389
ISSN: 0095-1137 (ISSN-L)
1098-660X
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3380-3389.2005
PMC: PMC1169142
OpenAlex: W2097177097
Cited by: 894
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 12.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Microscopic Colitis
Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Bacteroides fragilis, irritable bowel syndrome, 5-aminosalicylic acid, antibiotic therapy, bacterial adhesion, fluorescence in situ hybridization, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes
MeSH terms: Adult, Bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis, Biopsy, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Middle Aged, Colon, Sigmoid, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Ecosystem, Biofilms

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Spatial Organization and Composition of the Mucosal Flora in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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