The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differential membrane binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein
Open accessAbstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein (p17MA) plays a central role at both the early and late stages of the virus life cycle. During viral assembly, the p17MA domain of Pr55gag promotes membrane association, which is essential for the formation of viral particles. When viral infection occurs, the mature p17MA dissociates from the plasma membrane and participates in the nuclear targeting process. Thus, p17MA contains a reversible membrane binding signal to govern its differential subcellular localization and biological functions. We previously identified a membrane binding signal within the amino-terminal 31 amino acids of the matrix domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag, consisting of myristate and a highly basic region (W. Zhou, L. J. Parent, J. W. Wills, and M. D. Resh, J. Virol. 68:2556-2569, 1994). Here we show that exposure of this membrane binding signal is regulated in different Gag protein contexts. Within full-length Pr55gag, the membrane targeting signal is exposed and can direct Pr55gag as well as heterologous proteins to the plasma membrane. However, in the context of p17MA alone, this signal is hidden and unable to confer plasma membrane binding. To investigate the molecular mechanism for regulation of membrane binding, a series of deletions within p17MA was generated by sequentially removing alpha-helical regions defined by the nuclear magnetic resonance structure. Removal of the last alpha helix (amino acids 97 to 109) of p17MA was associated with enhancement of binding to biological membranes in vitro and in vivo. Liposome binding experiments indicated that the C-terminal region of p17MA exerts a negative effect on the N-terminal MA membrane targeting domain by sequestering the myristate signal. We propose that mature p17MA adopts a conformation different from that of the p17MA domain within Pr55gag and present evidence to support this hypothesis. It is likely that such a conformational change results in an N-terminal myristyl switch which governs differential membrane binding.
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Cites
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BackgroundZhang, Z., Zhang, F., Bai, S., Qiao, J., Shen, H., Huang, F., Gao, S., Li, S., Gu, Y., & Xia, N. (2018) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1662
Martin, G. E. (2007) · Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)
Heilmann, I. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.717988250.793472526
Socas, L. B. P., & Ambroggio, E. E. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505363
Giroud, C. (2012) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/dcb13f1azfc90z47d6zb978z456e9b4d70d5
da Silva, E. S. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/571be44cz38c0z432fzb87az66fd4686a457
Mécanistique de l'incorporation de la protéine Tat du VIH-1 dans les particules virales
Schatz, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2dd44b60z26baz42e9zb74azde8c15215c4a
Mechanisms of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation
Kleinpeter, A. B., & Freed, E. O. (2026) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01327-6 · Cited by 2
“…mechanism for Gag membrane binding is suggested by the finding that the myristate is sequestered in a hydrophobic groove in isolated MA, but is exposed in the context of full-length Gag, and deletions in MA can increase Gag membrane binding by reversing this myristate sequestration 28 .”
Biophysical Investigation into the Mechanisms Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Incorporation
Clark, A. R. (2025) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · doi:10.56902/etdcrp.2025.179
BindingDB (2020) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q25x2cv0
Kim, A. L. (2012) · eScholarship@UMassChan · doi:10.13028/8pg6-xe17
“Inhibition of MA-mediated membrane binding of Gag through disruption of the myristate modification and mutation of the HBR has been shown to also inhibit virus production (122, 182, 183).”
BackgroundChukkapalli, V. (2011) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, W., & Resh, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- ORCID
- Resh, M D
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 8540-8548
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC190946
- OpenAlex
- W2102965972
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA 72309, R01CA072309)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Keywords
- HIV-1, Pr55gag, membrane binding, myristate, myristoylation, plasma membrane targeting, viral assembly, nuclear targeting, protein conformational change, liposome binding, subcellular localization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Epitopes, Cell Membrane, Humans, Myristic Acids, Protein Precursors, Viral Proteins, Signal Transduction, HIV Antigens, HIV-1, Gene Products, gag, Sequence Deletion, COS Cells, Myristic Acid, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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