The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assembly Properties of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CA Protein
Open accessAbstract
During retroviral maturation, the CA protein oligomerizes to form a closed capsid that surrounds the viral genome. We have previously identified a series of deleterious surface mutations within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CA that alter infectivity, replication, and assembly in vivo. For this study, 27 recombinant CA proteins harboring 34 different mutations were tested for the ability to assemble into helical cylinders in vitro. These cylinders are composed of CA hexamers and are structural models for the mature viral capsid. Mutations that diminished CA assembly clustered within helices 1 and 2 in the N-terminal domain of CA and within the crystallographically defined dimer interface in the CA C-terminal domain. These mutations demonstrate the importance of these regions for CA cylinder production and, by analogy, mature capsid assembly. One CA mutant (R18A) assembled into cylinders, cones, and spheres. We suggest that these capsid shapes occur because the R18A mutation alters the frequency at which pentamers are incorporated into the hexagonal lattice. The fact that a single CA protein can simultaneously form all three known retroviral capsid morphologies supports the idea that these structures are organized on similar lattices and differ only in the distribution of 12 pentamers that allow them to close. In further support of this model, we demonstrate that the considerable morphological variation seen for conical HIV-1 capsids can be recapitulated in idealized capsid models by altering the distribution of pentamers.
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“The cores are typically conical in HIV (5 pentamers at the tip and 7 at the base), tubular in M-PMV (6 pentamers at each end), and polyhedral in RSV and MLV (12 pentamers homogenously distributed).”
From Retrovirus maturation-an extraordinary structural transformation (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information: update
Wheeler, D. L. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh073 · Cited by 10,695
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein binds to cyclophilins A and B
Luban, J., Bossolt, K. L., Franke, E. K., Kalpana, G. V., & Goff, S. P. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90637-6 · Cited by 792
HIV-1 Gag proteins: diverse functions in the virus life cycle
Freed, E. O. (1998) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9398 · Cited by 717
Crystal Structure of Human Cyclophilin A Bound to the Amino-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Capsid
Gamble, T. R., Vajdos, F. F., Yoo, S., Worthylake, D. K., Houseweart, M., Sundquist, W. I., & Hill, C. P. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81823-1 · Cited by 706 · cited 1×
“important for infectivity and assembly (18, 52, 53, 56).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAssembly and Analysis of Conical Models for the HIV-1 Core
Ganser, B. K., Li, S., Klishko, V. Y., Finch, J. T., & Sundquist, W. I. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5398.80 · Cited by 671
Self-citationFunctional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions
Thali, M., Bukovsky, A., Kondo, E., Rosenwlrth, B., Walsh, C. T., Sodroski, J., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372363a0 · Cited by 629
Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein
Gamble, T. R., Yoo, S., Vajdos, F. F., von Schwedler, U. K., Worthylake, D. K., Wang, H., McCutcheon, J. P., Sundquist, W. I., & Hill, C. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.849 · Cited by 598 · cited 2×
“The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) CA CTD dimerizes in solution and is also crystallized as a dimer ( 19 , 44, 56).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDatabase resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information
Wheeler, D. L. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.10 · Cited by 583
Image reconstructions of helical assemblies of the HIV-1 CA protein
Li, S., Hill, C. P., Sundquist, W. I., & Finch, J. T. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35030177 · Cited by 500
Self-citationStructural organization of authentic, mature HIV‐1 virions and cores
Briggs, J. A. G., Wilk, T., Welker, R., Kräusslich, H., & Fuller, S. D. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg143 · Cited by 496
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Items 301–307 of 307
Structure of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein in solution
Shtykova, E. V., Petoukhov, M. V., Dadinova, L. A., Гезимахмаевна, Д. З., & Батищев, О. В. (2026) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2026.108372
BindingDB (2026) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q22v2mzm
Metadata
- Authors
- Ganser-Pornillos, B. K., von Schwedler, U. K., Stray, K. M., Aiken, C., & Sundquist, W. I.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
- University of Utah (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2545-2552
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC369201
- OpenAlex
- W2135035609
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Keywords
- HIV-1, viral capsid assembly, capsid morphology, surface mutations, pentamer, dimer interface, N-terminal domain, capsid lattice
- MeSH terms
- Models, Molecular, Mutation, Phenotype, Protein Binding, Solubility, HIV-1, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Virus Assembly, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Cyclophilin A, Capsid Proteins
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