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Mutational Analysis of Hsp90 Function: Interactions with a Steroid Receptor and a Protein Kinase
Open accessAbstract
Hsp90 is a protein chaperone whose functions are focused on a specific set of target proteins. The nature of Hsp90's interactions with these proteins is poorly understood. To provide tools for examining these interactions, we have isolated eight broadly distributed temperature-sensitive (ts) point mutations in the Hsp90 gene (HSP82) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutants fall into two distinct classes. One has a classic ts phenotype, with nearly wild-type activity at 25 degrees C and a precipitous loss of function at 34 degrees C. The remaining seven mutants, in contrast, cause a general reduction in Hsp90 function and are ts because they do not provide the high level of function required for growth at high temperatures. The effects of these mutants on two target proteins, a transcription factor (glucocorticoid receptor) and a tyrosine kinase (pp60v-src), provided several insights on Hsp90 function. First, Hsp90 is not only required to help the glucocorticoid receptor achieve a hormone-activable state, it is continuously required to maintain that state. Second, Hsp90's function in the maturation of pp60v-src involves separable roles in protein accumulation and kinase activation. Thus, Hsp90 is an integral component of both the steroid receptor and kinase signaling pathways. Finally, all eight point mutants affect the activation of both the glucocorticoid receptor and pp60v-src, indicating that Hsp90 promotes the activity of these very different target proteins through common mechanisms.
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“This explains why mutations at interface I on either Hsp90 (G333, K414, K418, K419)21–23 or Hsp70 (R171, N174, D213)24 led to defective Hsp90-Hsp70 interaction, growth defects and impaired client maturation of GR, v-Src and luciferase (Fig. 1d, e, Extended Data Fig. 4c–h; see Supplementary Table 3 for equivalent yeast residue numbering).”
From Structure of Hsp90–Hsp70–Hop–GR reveals the Hsp90 client-loading mechanism (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
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“SHRs, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are hormone-regulated transcription factors that depend on Hsp90 for function throughout their lifetimes5–10.”
From Cryo-EM reveals how Hsp90 and FKBP immunophilins co-regulate the glucocorticoid receptor (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
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“The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a model client that constantly depends on Hsp90 for activity4-9.”
From Structure of Hsp90–p23–GR reveals the Hsp90 client-remodelling mechanism (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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Citations
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“β-Galactosidase activity was measured as previously described (Nathan and Lindquist 1995).”
MethodToxoplasma gondiiHsp90: potential roles in essential cellular processes of the parasite
Angel, S. O., Figueras, M. J., Alomar, M. L., Echeverría, P. C., & Deng, B. (2014) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182014000055 · Cited by 18
“Mutation of T22 on yeast Hsp90 (T23 in TgHsp90, Table 1) results in the accumulation of less glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein than wild-type cells and reduces GR and pp60v− src activities in a yeast model (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
BackgroundLeishmania donovani P23 protects parasites against HSP90 inhibitor-mediated growth arrest
Hombach, A., Ommen, G., Sattler, V., & Clos, J. (2015) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-015-0595-y · Cited by 18
“…and constitutively expressed protein that is associated with the maturation, folding and activation of a variety of highly diverse client proteins such as kinases, transcription factors and growth hormone receptors (Buchner 1999; Nathan and Lindquist 1995; Picard 2002; Pratt and Toft 2003).”
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Modular Control of Cross-oligomerization
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Alaalm, L., Crunden, J. L., Butcher, M. C., Obst, U., Whealy, R. N., Williamson, C. E., O’Brien, H., Schaffitzel, C., Ramage, G., SPENCER, J. M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.637836 · Cited by 16
Hsp90 interaction networks in fungi—tools and techniques
Crunden, J. L., & Diezmann, S. (2021) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1093/femsyr/foab054 · Cited by 16
“The phosphorylation site essential for survival of high temperatures was initially detected and characterized in S. cerevisiae (Nathan and Lindquist 1995).”
Direct involvement of Hsp70 ATP hydrolysis in Ubr1-dependent quality control
Singh, A., Vashistha, N., Heck, J. W., Tang, X., Wipf, P., Brodsky, J. L., & Hampton, R. Y. (2020) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e20-08-0541 · Cited by 16
“To this end, we employed a strain in which both native loci of the cytoplasmic HSP90 genes were null ( hsp82 Δ hsc82 Δ ), with the essential HSP90 activity provided by either a wild-type (WT) ( HSP82 ) or ts ( hsp82 G170D) allele (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
Jibard, N., Meng, X., Leclerc, P., Rajkowski, K. M., Fortin, D., Schweizer-Groyer, G., CATELLI, M. G., Baulieu, É.-É., & Cadepond, F. (1999) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1998.4375 · Cited by 16
Contribution of N‐ and C‐terminal domains to the function of Hsp90 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Scheibel, T., Weikl, T., Rimerman, R. A., Smith, D. F., Lindquist, S. L., & Büchner, J. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01632.x · Cited by 16
“pp60v±src expression in yeast was performed as has been described previously (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationVerkhivker, G. M. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167506 · Cited by 15
Ralston‐Hooper, K. J., Sanchez, B. C., Adamec, J., & Sepúlveda, M. S. (2011) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.475 · Cited by 15
Solubility-Promoting Function of Hsp90 Contributes to Client Maturation and Robust Cell Growth
Pursell, N. W., Mishra, P., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2012) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00099-12 · Cited by 15
Numachi, Y., YOSHIDA, S., Toda, S., Matsuoka, H., & Sato, M. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05181.x · Cited by 15
An Evaluation of Hsp90 as a Mediator of Cortical Patterning in Tetrahymena
Frankel, J., Williams, N. E., Nelsen, E. M., & Keeling, P. J. (2001) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00297.x · Cited by 15
“…is to compare the amino acid sequences of the Hsp90 molecules, with the expectation that T. pyriformis (but not T. thermophila) has undergone alterations in highly conserved amino acids, notably ones known to have been mutated to temperature-sensitive alleles in yeast (Nathan and Lindquist 1995).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Role of Heat-Shock Proteins in the Regulation of Steroid Receptor Function
Picard, D. (1998) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1764-0_1 · Cited by 15
Zuehlke, A., Wren, N. S., Tenge, V. R., & Johnson, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.504142 · Cited by 15
Gvozdenov, Z., Bendix, L. D., Kolhe, J. A., & Freeman, B. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.007 · Cited by 14
Song, H., Fan, P., Shi, W.-L., Zhao, R.-M., & Li, Y.-X. (2010) · Journal of plant physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2010.03.016 · Cited by 13
Exploring the Functional Complementation between Grp94 and Hsp90
Maharaj, K. A., Que, N. L. S., Hong, F., Huck, J. D., Gill, S. K., Wu, S., Li, Z., & Gewirth, D. T. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166271 · Cited by 13
The Hsp90 chaperone complex-A potential target for cancer therapy
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An Overview of the Heat Shock Proteins, Their Regulation, and Function
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Reidy, M. J., & Masison, D. C. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.06.015 · Cited by 11
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript hsp82Δ strain behaved identically to one originally constructed in the Lindquist lab, called ΔPCLD82a [20,30] (see below and Figure 1(a)).”
MethodEvidence for interaction between Hsp90 and the ER membrane complex
Kudze, T., Mendez‐Dorantes, C., Jalloh, S., & McClellan, A. J. (2018) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-018-0908-z · Cited by 12
Alami, M. E., Feller, A., Pierard, A., & Dubois, E. L. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02854.x · Cited by 12
“This mutant was originally characterized as being defective in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
BackgroundHohrman, K., Gonçalves, D. L., Morano, K. A., & Johnson, J. L. (2021) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyab009 · Cited by 12
Mercier, R., Yama, D., LaPointe, P., & Johnson, J. L. (2023) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010772 · Cited by 11
“In general, our results suggest that a significant number of the Hsc82/Hsp82 temperature sensitive mutants that have been described have defects related to conformational changes that may be at least partially rescued by alterations in levels of certain cochaperones [21,25, 59].”
BackgroundResultSynergistic Inhibition of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Radicicol and Benzoquinone Ansamycins
Rosenhagen, M. C., Young, J. C., Wochnik, G. M., Herr, A. S., Schmidt, U., Hartl, F. U., Holsboer, F., & Rein, T. (2001) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2001.063 · Cited by 11
“pendent manner when ectopically expressed in yeast (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
BackgroundRobzyk, K., Oen, H. O., Buchanan, G., Butler, L. M., Tilley, W. D., Mandal, A. K., Rosen, N. X., & Caplan, A. J. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.016 · Cited by 11
“We utilized a temperature sensitive mutant of Hsp90, glycine 170 to aspartate (G170D) which has been reported to have a wild type phenotype at 30°C and a loss of function phenotype above 34°C [15].”
MethodSequence of the gene encoding hsp90e from Cryptosporidium parvum
Woods, K. M., Tilley, M., Iselp, A., Upton, S. J., Montelone, B. A., & Khramtsov, N. V. (1999) · DNA sequence · doi:10.3109/10425179909033961 · Cited by 10
Cloning and characterization of a Ca2+/H+ exchanger from the halophyte Salicornia europaea L.
Zhang, L., Hao, J., Bao, M., Hasi, A., & Niu, Y. (2015) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.011 · Cited by 10
The Adaptive Potential of the Middle Domain of Yeast Hsp90
Cote-Hammarlof, P. A., Fragata, I., Flynn, J. M., Mavor, D., Zeldovich, K. B., Bank, C., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2020) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa211 · Cited by 10
“Several studies have demonstrated that the middle domain of Hsp90 plays a prominent role in client binding (Nathan and Lindquist 1995; Nathan et al. 1997; Meyer et al. 2003; Hawle et al. 2006; Hagn et al. 2011), and suggested that mutations in this region may impact the relative affinity or priority of different clien…”
BackgroundKritzer, J. A., Freyzon, Y., & Lindquist, S. L. (2018) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1093/femsyr/foy027 · Cited by 9
Self-citationAnalysis of mammalian Cdc37, a protein kinase targeting subunit of heat shock protein 90
Stepanova, L., Leng, X., & Harper, J. W. (1997) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(97)83018-2 · Cited by 10
Interaction of activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase ACK2 with HSP90
Yang, W., Jansen, J. M., Lin, Q., Canova, S., Cerione, R. A., & Childress, C. (2004) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20040623 · Cited by 10
p23 and Aha1: Distinct Functions Promote Client Maturation
Biebl, M. M., & Büchner, J. (2022) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_6 · Cited by 9
Tenge, V. R., Jared, K., & Johnson, J. L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092569 · Cited by 9
“Amino acid mutations throughout Hsp90 cause defects in client activity and or ATP hydrolysis [31–33].”
BackgroundMillson, S. H., Truman, A. W., & Piper, P. W. (2022) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-022-01274-0 · Cited by 9
DNA damage-induced nuclear import of HSP90α is promoted by Aha1
Fangaria, N., Rani, K., Singh, P., Dey, S., Kumar, K. A., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2022) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0554 · Cited by 9
“To determine the specificity of the CL domain for the nuclear import we have investigated the effect of an ATPase dead mutant, hsp82T101I (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995), that also affects the amino-terminal association of yHSP90α (Prodromou et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMillson, S. H., Nuttall, J. M., Mollapour, M., & Piper, P. W. (2009) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.1670 · Cited by 9
“cerevisiae mutants that are temperaturesensitive (ts) due to point mutations in Hsp82, their sole form of Hsp90 (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
InfluentialAMZALLAG, G. N., & Goloubinoff, P. (2003) · Plant Biology · doi:10.1055/s-2003-40725 · Cited by 9
Nucleotide-Free sB-Raf is Preferentially Bound by Hsp90 and Cdc37 In Vitro
Eckl, J. M., Daake, M., Schwartz, S., & Richter, K. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.002 · Cited by 9
Rana, S., Bisht, D., & Chakraborti, P. K. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2505 · Cited by 9
Flynn, J. M., Joyce, M. E., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.02.573950 · Cited by 9
Nakamoto, H., Amaya, Y., Komatsu, T., Suzuki, T., Dohmae, N., Nakamura, Y., Jantan, I., & Miyata, Y. (2018) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20180230 · Cited by 9
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Marín, R., Guerra, B., & Alonso, R. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00371-2 · Cited by 8
Rios, E. I., Hunsberger, I. L., & Johnson, J. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1325590 · Cited by 7
“Studies by Nathan and Lindquist identi fi ed a panel of amino acid alterations throughout the Hsp82 isoform that confer temperature-sensitive growth when expressed as the only isoform in yeast (Nathan and Lindquist, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentification of a chaperone-code responsible for Rad51-mediated genome repair
Rani, K., Gotmare, A., Maier, A., Menghal, R., Akhtar, N., Fangaria, N., Büchner, J., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107342 · Cited by 8
“The vectors harboring the mutants were transformed in a yeast strain (24) where HSP82 and HSC82 were deleted at the chromosomal loci, harboring an episomal copy of HSP82 on a low-copy plasmid bearing Trp + selectable marker.”
Xiang, L. I. U., Kang, Z., Yu, X., Fan, L., Liu, T., & Li, Q. (2020) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62869-8 · Cited by 7
Tabassum, W., Singh, P., Suthram, N., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bhattacharyya, M. K. (2021) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00457-21 · Cited by 8
“pTA vector harboring PfRAD51 was transformed into strains iG170Dhsp82 (MATa can1-100 ade2-1 his3-11, 15 leu2-3, 112 trp1-1 ura3-1 hsp82::LEU2 hsc82::LEU2 HIS3::HSP82G170D) (28) and W303a (MATa leu2-3, 112 his3-11, 15 ade2-1, trp1, ura3-1) (41) to generate the strains TAY1 and TAY2, respectively.”
BackgroundWang, R. Y.-R., Noddings, C. M., Kirschke, E., Myasnikov, A. G., Johnson, J. L., & Agard, D. A. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.370247 · Cited by 10
Conformational plasticity of a BiP–GRP94 chaperone complex
Brenner, J. C., Zirden, L. C., Buzuk, L., Almeida‐Hernández, Y., Radzuweit, L., Diamantino, J., Kaschani, F., Kaiser, M., Sánchez‐García, E., Poepsel, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01619-0 · Cited by 7
“ATP binding and hydrolysis of the BiP NBD regulate the conformation of the BiP SBD , with the ATP-bound open and the ADP-bound closed conformations representing the most extreme states (Fig.”
How Cells Protect Themselves against Stress?
Khlebodarova, T. M. (2002) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1015284032526 · Cited by 6
Heat Shock Proteins in the Regulation of the Apoptotic Response
Fanning, N. F., & Redmond, H. P. (1998) · Sepsis · doi:10.1023/a:1009759201131 · Cited by 6
“It participates in regulating the activity of signalling proteins, such as the steroid receptors, and the kinases Ras, Raf and pp60v2svc [37–43].”
BackgroundQuantitative proteomic analysis reveals unique Hsp90 cycle-dependent client interactions
Rios, E. I., Gonçalves, D. L., Morano, K. A., & Johnson, J. L. (2024) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyae057 · Cited by 5
“Hsp90 inhibition or mutation results in inhibition of client activity, and in many cases results in proteasomal degradation of clients (Nathan and Lindquist 1995; An et al .”
BackgroundPradhan, A. K., Kandasamy, G., Chatterjee, U., Bharadwaj, A., Mathew, S. J., Dohmen, R. J., & Palanimurugan, R. (2021) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14147 · Cited by 6
Schmauder, L., & Richter, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91690-6 · Cited by 4
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function
Backe, S. J., Mollapour, M., & Woodford, M. R. (2023) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20220224 · Cited by 5
The APE2 Exonuclease Is a Client of the Hsp70–Hsp90 Axis in Yeast and Mammalian Cells
Omkar, S., Wani, T. H., Zheng, B., Mitchem, M. M., & Truman, A. W. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12070864 · Cited by 4
“yAT01 P82a W303–1a hsc82::LEU2 hsp82::LEU2 HIS3-GPD-HSP82a [31]”
BackgroundInfluentialMolecular Control of Endothelial Derived Nitric Oxide
Gratton, J., Fontana, J. T., & Sessa, W. C. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370420-7/50010-1 · Cited by 5
An Updated Review on KRAS Mutation in Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Its Effects on Human Health
Ghosh, S., Bhuniya, T., Dey, A., Koley, M., Roy, P., Bera, A., Gol, D., Chowdhury, A., Chowdhury, R., & Sen, S. (2023) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-023-04748-8 · Cited by 5
“Additionally, mutant oncoproteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), may depend on Hsp90 chaperones more frequently than their wild-type counterparts, which makes Hsp90 an even more attractive therapeutic target for malignancies characterized by such mutations [33–36].”
Balsiger, H. A., & Cox, M. B. (2009) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-575-0_8 · Cited by 4
Identifying functional interactions with molecular chaperones
Johnson, J. L., & Craig, E. A. (2002) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(02)51863-2 · Cited by 4
Wang, Y., & Shen, Y. (1999) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/bf02884921 · Cited by 4
A systematic survey of an intragenic epistatic landscapePreprint
Bank, C., Hietpas, R. T., Jensen, J. D., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2014) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/010645 · Cited by 6
“Briefly, mutants were encoded on p417GPD, a plasmid/promoter system that closely matches the endogenous expression of Hsp90 (Nathan and Lindquist 1995).”
BackgroundWhalen, K. M., & Freeman, B. (2026) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1016/j.cstres.2026.100190 · Cited by 3
“3,50 For instance, an allele (E431K) was isolated that did not support hormone binding by the glucocorticoid receptor but was near wild type for three highly related aporeceptors (mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and estrogen receptors).”
Indispensable Role of Protein Turnover in Autophagy, Apoptosis and Ubiquitination Pathways
Abosheasha, M. A., Khalik, E. A. M. A. E., & El‐Gowily, A. H. (2020) · Heat shock proteins · doi:10.1007/7515_2020_31 · Cited by 3
Yang, W. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372484-7/50012-6 · Cited by 3
Bhattacharjee, P., & Mandal, A. K. (2025) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70174 · Cited by 2
“The details of yeast strains used in this study are listed in Table S1 [15].”
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Chaperonopathology
Cherneva, R. V., Петрова, Д., & Georgiev, O. B. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/30389 · Cited by 2
Heat Shock Protein 90 in Severe Trauma
Zhao, Y., & Zhou, Y.-G. (2019) · Heat shock proteins · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23158-3_24 · Cited by 2
Inhibitors of the Hsp90 C-terminus
Zhao, H., & Blagg, B. S. J. (2013) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849739689-00259 · Cited by 2
Flynn, J. M., Rossouw, A., Cote-Hammarlof, P. A., Fragata, I., Mavor, D., Hollins, C., Bank, C., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2019) · eScholarship@UMassChan · Cited by 2
Flynn, J. M., Joyce, M. E., & Bolon, D. N. A. (2024) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0309 · Cited by 8
A novel Hsp90 phospho-switch modulates virulence in the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicansPreprint
Alaalm, L., Crunden, J. L., Butcher, M. C., Obst, U., Whealy, R. N., Williamson, C. E., O’Brien, H., Schaffitzel, C., Ramage, G., & Diezmann, S. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.309831 · Cited by 2
HSP90 Co-Chaperones in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Tesic, M., & Gaber, R. F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5963-6_6 · Cited by 1
Geary, J. A., Boedeker, D. J., & Ortiz, W. (1999) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80214-4 · Cited by 1
Mackie, T. D. (2018) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Insights into the Allosteric Regulation of Human Hsp90 Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy
Goričan, T., & Grdadolnik, S. G. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15010037 · Cited by 1
Distinct phosphorylation mechanisms as dynamic switches for Hsp90 regulation
Wan, C., Zhu, L., Wang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Qu, X., & Huang, C. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73400-w · Cited by 1
“Among them, T115 and T36 in human Hsp90 α , or their equivalent residues in other orthologs, have attracted particular attention due to their strong effects on temperature-sensitivity viability 23 , in vivo Hsp90 function 24 – 29 , and pharmacologic response in cancer cells 28 .”
Gohda, K. (2025) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2025.2487202 · Cited by 1
“Mutants in the lid segment that affect the ATP hydrolytic activity are known among the identified Hsp90 mutants (Nathan & Lindquist, 1995; Prodromou et al., 2000; Reidy & Masison, 2020; Richter et al., 2002; Siligardi et al., 2004).”
Functional Protein Interactions in Steroid Receptor-Chaperone Complexes
Ratajczak, T., Rudi, K., Cluning, C., & Bryan, K. R. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/38339 · Cited by 1
Determination of Hsp90 Activity Through Activation of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Yeast
Reidy, M. J. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_14 · Cited by 1
Hsp90 Is a Pivotal Player in Retinal Disease and Cancer
Aboelnour, A., Noreldin, A. E., & Saadeldin, I. M. (2019) · Heat shock proteins · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23158-3_9 · Cited by 1
Mechanisms of sphingolipid functions during heat stress in "Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
Meier, K. D. (2005) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-003639098 · Cited by 1
“Lindquist (Lindquist and Kim, 1996; Nathan and Lindquist, 1995)), YEp434-A4 (SSA4), YEp351SSA2, YCp50-GAL1-SSA1, pZJHSE2-137 containing an HSE, HSE2 from SSA1 promoter fused to LacZ (kind gifts from E.”
BackgroundMatsusaka, T. (1996) · Japanese Journal of Oral Biology · doi:10.2330/joralbiosci1965.38.633 · Cited by 1
Hsp90-dependent triage of the glucocorticoid receptor via the CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligasePreprint
Chio, C. M., Wang, F., Noddings, C. M., & Agard, D. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656676 · Cited by 1
“Among other chaperones at large, the ATP-driven Hsp90 is unique in acting in the late stages of folding on near-native states of its many ‘client’ proteins 1 .”
Youker, R. T. (2006) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Biochemical analysis of proteins in the telomere maintenance pathway
DeZwaan, D. C. (2011) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Wright, C. M. (2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Inhibition of Hsp90 in Streptomyces coelicolor
Wu, K. A. (2005)
Glucocorticoid Resistance and Hypersensitivity
Franchimont, D. P., & Chrousos, G. P. (1999) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-698-0_14
Hrizo, S. (2008) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Fatima, R. (2012) · American journal of molecular and cellular biology · doi:10.7726/ajmcb.2013.1003
Csermely, P., Schnaider, T., Prohászka, Z., & Nardai, G. (1998)
Experimental Illumination of Comprehensive Fitness Landscapes: A Dissertation
Hietpas, R. T. (2013) · eScholarship@UMassChan · doi:10.13028/m2kk6j
Genest, O., Reidy, M. J., Street, T. O., Hoskins, J. R., Camberg, J. L., Agard, D. A., Masison, D. C., & Wickner, S. (2013)
Metadata
- Authors
- Nathan, D. F., & Lindquist, S.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lindquist, Susan
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3917-3925
- ISSN
- 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5549
- PMC
- PMC230631
- OpenAlex
- W2101287778
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5f32gm014745-03)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM14745-02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- HSP90, temperature-sensitive mutants, glucocorticoid receptor, pp60v-src, tyrosine kinase, steroid receptor signaling, kinase activation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- MeSH terms
- DNA Mutational Analysis, Hot Temperature, Heat-Shock Proteins, Phenotype, Protein Binding, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src), Point Mutation, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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