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Cited by 68Astro and Planetary ScienceGeological and Geochemical AnalysisPaleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils

The Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, USA

Cannon, W.F., Schulz, K.J., Horton, J. W., Kring, D. A.·2010·Geological Society of America Bulletin
DOI 10.1130/b26517.1
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Abstract

Research Article| January 01, 2010 The Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, USA W.F. Cannon; W.F. Cannon † 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA †E-mail: wcannon@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K.J. Schulz; K.J. Schulz 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Wright Horton, Jr.; J. Wright Horton, Jr. 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David A. Kring David A. Kring 2Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information W.F. Cannon † 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA K.J. Schulz 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA J. Wright Horton, Jr. 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA David A. Kring 2Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, USA †E-mail: wcannon@usgs.gov Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 29 Jul 2008 Revision Received: 05 Jan 2009 Accepted: 07 Jan 2009 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 © 2010 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2010) 122 (1-2): 50–75. https://doi.org/10.1130/B26517.1 Article history Received: 29 Jul 2008 Revision Received: 05 Jan 2009 Accepted: 07 Jan 2009 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation W.F. Cannon, K.J. Schulz, J. Wright Horton, David A. Kring; The Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, USA. GSA Bulletin 2010;; 122 (1-2): 50–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B26517.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract A layer of breccia that contains fragments of impact ejecta has been found at 10 sites in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, in the Lake Superior region of the United States. Radiometric age constraints from events predating and postdating deposition of the breccia are ca. 1875 Ma and 1830 Ma. The major bolide impact that occurred at 1850 Ma at Sudbury, Ontario, 500–700 km east of these sites, is the likely causative event. The Michigan sites described here, along with previously described sites in Minnesota and Ontario, define an extensive ejecta-bearing deposit throughout the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of the Lake Superior region that we refer to as the Sudbury impact layer. The layer at the sites in Michigan exhibits a range of thicknesses, lithologic characters, and sedimentary settings. The diversity of rock types and internal stratigraphic details of the layer imply that several different processes of transport and deposition are represented, but the detailed investigations needed to document them are incomplete. Many of the sites had been described and interpreted previously as products of common terrestrial processes, but the presence of relict shock-induced planar deformation features in quartz indicates that the breccia layer is in fact the product of an extraterrestrial impact. At most localities, this layer also contains relict fragments of altered devitrified glass and/or accretionary lapilli. One immediate use of the impact layer is as an ultraprecise time line that ties together the well-known stratigraphic sequences of the various geographically separated iron ranges, the correlation of which has remained controversial for many decades. The Sudbury impact layer most commonly lies at a horizon that records a significant change in the character of sediments across the region. The impact layer marks the end of a major period of banded iron formation deposition that was succeeded by deposition of fine clastic rocks, commonly black shales. The impact may have produced regional, if not global, changes in the environment that resulted in this widespread synchronous change in sedimentation style. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

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  • The Animikie Basin contains another stratigraphic level with regionally extensive IFs that is stratigraphically above the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact ejecta layer and older than the ca. 1.83 Ga regional metamorphic event.

    “This level is stratigraphically above the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact ejecta layer and is older than the ca. 1.83 Ga regional metamorphic event related to the Penokean orogeny”

    From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Cannon et al., 2010

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Authors
Cannon, W. F., Schulz, K. J., Horton, J. W., & Kring, D. A.
Affiliations
  • United States Geological Survey (US)
  • Lunar and Planetary Institute (US)
ORCID
Venue
Geological Society of America Bulletin
Publisher
Geological Society of America
Published
2009-09-25
Volume
122
Issue
1-2
Pages
50-75
ISSN
  • 0016-7606 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-2674
DOI
10.1130/b26517.1
OpenAlex
W2158160854
Cited by
68
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Geological Society of America Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords
Sudbury impact structure, northern Michigan, impact cratering, impact ejecta, iron oxide mineralogy

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