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NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology
Open accessAbstract
NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.
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“Vital NETosis helps contain local infections by allowing PMNs to rapidly release NETs and continue to phagocytose live bacteria.”
From The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity (2022) · cites this paper as [66]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vorobjeva, N. V., & Chernyak, B. V.
- Affiliations
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Vorobjeva, N. V.
- Venue
- Biochemistry (Moscow)
- Publisher
- Pleiades Publishing Ltd
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1178-1190
- ISSN
- 0006-2979 (ISSN-L)
- 1608-3040
- PMC
- PMC7590568
- OpenAlex
- W3095535158
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 31
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochemistry (Moscow) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- NETosis, neutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophils, NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species, calcium signaling, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, histone modifications, chromatin decondensation, granule exocytosis, immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, COVID-19 pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Calcium, Chromatin, Histones, Humans, Mitochondria, Neutrophils, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, NADPH Oxidases, Extracellular Traps
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