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Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis

Open access
Bertsias, George K, Tektonidou, Maria, Amoura, Zahir, Aringer, Martin, Bajema, Ingeborg, Berden, Jo H M, Boletis, John, Cervera, Ricard, Dörner, Thomas, Doria, Andrea, Ferrario, Franco, Floege, Jürgen, Houssiau, Frederic A, Ioannidis, John P A, Isenberg, David A, Kallenberg, Cees G M, Lightstone, Liz, Marks, Stephen D, Martini, Alberto, Moroni, Gabriela, Neumann, Irmgard, Praga, Manuel, Schneider, Matthias, Starra, Argyre, Tesar, Vladimir, Vasconcelos, Carlos, van Vollenhoven, Ronald F, Zakharova, Helena, Haubitz, Marion, Gordon, Caroline, Jayne, David, Boumpas, Dimitrios T·2012·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To develop recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: The available evidence was systematically reviewed using the PubMed database. A modified Delphi method was used to compile questions, elicit expert opinions and reach consensus. RESULTS: Immunosuppressive treatment should be guided by renal biopsy, and aiming for complete renal response (proteinuria <0.5 g/24 h with normal or near-normal renal function). Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for all patients with LN. Because of a more favourable efficacy/toxicity ratio, as initial treatment for patients with class III-IV(A) or (A/C) (±V) LN according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification, mycophenolic acid (MPA) or low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (CY) in combination with glucocorticoids is recommended. In patients with adverse clinical or histological features, CY can be prescribed at higher doses, while azathioprine is an alternative for milder cases. For pure class V LN with nephrotic-range proteinuria, MPA in combination with oral glucocorticoids is recommended as initial treatment. In patients improving after initial treatment, subsequent immunosuppression with MPA or azathioprine is recommended for at least 3 years; in such cases, initial treatment with MPA should be followed by MPA. For MPA or CY failures, switching to the other agent, or to rituximab, is the suggested course of action. In anticipation of pregnancy, patients should be switched to appropriate medications without reducing the intensity of treatment. There is no evidence to suggest that management of LN should differ in children versus adults. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for the management of LN were developed using an evidence-based approach followed by expert consensus.

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Authors
Bertsias, G. K., Tektonidou, M., Amoura, Z., Aringer, M., Bajema, I., Berden, J. H. M., Boletis, J., Cervera, R., Dörner, T., Doria, A., Ferrario, F., Floege, J., Houssiau, F. A., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Isenberg, D. A., Kallenberg, C. G. M., Lightstone, L., Marks, S. D., Martini, A., Moroni, G., Neumann, I., Praga, M., Schneider, M., Starra, A., Tesar, V., Vasconcelos, C., van Vollenhoven, R. F., Zakharova, H., Haubitz, M., Gordon, C., Jayne, D., & Boumpas, D. T.
Venue
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-11
Volume
71
Issue
11
Pages
1771-1782
ISSN
0003-4967 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2119837784
Cited by
1,007
References
4
FWCI
51.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201940
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Bertsias, G. K., Tektonidou, M., Amoura, Z., Aringer, M., Bajema, I., Berden, J. H. M., Boletis, J., Cervera, R., Dörner, T., Doria, A., Ferrario, F., Floege, J., Houssiau, F. A., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Isenberg, D. A., Kallenberg, C. G. M., Lightstone, L., Marks, S. D., Martini, A., . . . Boumpas, D. T. (2012). Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201940

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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