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Cited by 32Sports Performance and TrainingSport Psychology and PerformancePhysical Activity and Health

A continuous mental task decreases the physiological response to soccer-specific intermittent exercise

Open access
Greig, Matt, Marchant, David, Lovell, Richard, Clough, Peter, McNaughton, Lars·2007·British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1136/bjsm.2006.030387PMC PMC2659003
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Abstract

Background: Epidemiological findings of higher injury incidence during the latter stages of soccer match-play have been attributed to fatigue. Objective: To examine the interaction of physical and cognitive responses during soccer-specific intermittent exercise. Method: Ten semi-professional soccer players completed a 90-minute laboratory-based treadmill protocol replicating the activity profile of soccer match-play. Two separate trials were performed in randomised order, with and without the added stressor of a continuous grid-based vigilance task. The exercise task comprised six repetitions of a 15 minute activity profile, separated by a passive 15 minute half-time interval. The vigilance task required continual attention and sporadic target response within a letter grid. Physical response (RPE, heart rate, blood lactate, salivary cortisol) and cognitive performance (response time, response accuracy) were quantified at 15 minute intervals. Results: Completing the exercise task with the vigilance task resulted in decreased physiological (heart rate, blood lactate) response. This may be attributed to externally directed attention, resulting in association with the cognitive task and subsequent dissociation from the physical effort. Response speed generally improved with exercise duration, while there was evidence of impaired accuracy in the early stages of the first half and the latter stages of the second half. Conclusion: The interaction of physical and mental work was not additive in nature. The mental task had a masking effect on the physical response. Performing physical exercise tasks without due regard for appropriate psychological stimuli may therefore overestimate the physiological response.

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  • Substantial physiological changes relating to acid-base balance, the glycaemic response, and muscle and core temperature result from typically passive periods comparable in length to half-time (~15 min).

    “substantial physiological changes relating to acid-base balance 3 , the glycaemic response 4-6 and muscle (Tm) and core temperature (Tcore) changes 7-11 result from typically passive periods comparable in length to those observed during half-time (i.e., ~15 min).”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

  • Provision of exogenous carbohydrates prior to and during soccer-specific exercise caused ~30% reductions in blood glucose concentrations during the initial stages of the second half.

    “the provision of exogenous carbohydrates prior to and during soccer-specific caused ~30% reductions in blood glucose concentrations during the initial stages of the second half; a finding which has since been confirmed in both simulated and actual soccer match-play 4, 6 .”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

  • Mean sprinting performances of recreational players were improved when doses of 6 mg/kg BW caffeine was co-ingested with 142 ± 3 g/h of carbohydrate.

    “despite the mean sprinting performances of recreational players being improved when doses of 6 mg·kg -1 BW was co-ingested with 142 ± 3 g·h -1 of carbohydrate 4 .”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

  • Differences in glycaemic responses were observed despite similarities in blood glucose concentrations between conditions at 60 min (~4.0 mmol/L).

    “Interestingly, differences in glycaemic responses were observed despite similarities in blood glucose concentrations between conditions at 60 min (~4.0 mmol∙L -1 ).”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

  • In recreational soccer players, greater blood glucose concentrations have been observed from 75 min onwards relative to a fluid-electrolyte placebo when a 9.6% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage was consumed before and during (including at half-time) a simulated soccer match.

    “In recreational soccer players, greater blood glucose concentrations have been observed from 75 min onwards relative to a fluid-electrolyte placebo when a 9.6% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage was consumed before and during (including at half-time) a simulated soccer match 4 .”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Beaudoin CM, Crews DJ, Morgan DW. Influence of psychogenic factors during a prolonged maximal run. J Sport Behav 1998;21:377-86.
  2. Johnson JH, Siegel DS. Effects of association and dissociation on effort perception. J Sport Behav 1992;15:119-29.
  3. Easterbrook JA. The effect of emotion on cue utilisation and the organisation of behaviour. Psychol Rev 1959;66:183-201.
  4. Holding DH. Fatigue. In: Hockey GRJ, eds. Stress and fatigue in human performance. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1983:145-68.

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Authors
Greig, M., Marchant, D., Lovell, R., Clough, P., & McNaughton, L.
Affiliations
  • The Football Association (GB)
  • University of Hull (GB)
Corresponding author
Greig, Matt
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2007-05-21
Volume
41
Issue
12
Pages
908-913
ISSN
  • 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
  • 1473-0480
DOI
10.1136/bjsm.2006.030387
PMC
PMC2659003
OpenAlex
W2139789633
Cited by
32
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
soccer, intermittent exercise, vigilance task, mental fatigue, physiological responses, heart rate, blood lactate, salivary cortisol, reaction time (psychology), response accuracy, match fatigue, football injuries
MeSH terms
Adult, Cognition, Exercise Test, Physical Exertion, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Reaction Time, Soccer, Task Performance and Analysis, Lactic Acid

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