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Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies
Open accessAbstract
The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and cardiometabolic health markers was completed on 15 October 2015. Sixty-five intervention studies were included for review and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Studies were classified by intervention duration and body mass index classification. Outcomes with at least 5 effect sizes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in cardiometabolic health markers (baseline to postintervention) using Review Manager 5.3. Short-term (ST) HIIT (<12 weeks) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max; SMD 0.74, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.12; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.16; p<0.01) and fasting glucose (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.09; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. Long-term (LT) HIIT (≥12 weeks) significantly improved waist circumference (SMD −0.20, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.01; p<0.05), % body fat (SMD −0.40, 95% CI −0.74 to −0.06; p<0.05), VO 2 max (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.83; p<0.001), resting heart rate (SMD −0.33, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.09; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.09; p<0.01) and DBP (SMD −0.38, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.10; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. HIIT demonstrated no effect on insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein or interleukin 6 in overweight/obese populations. In normal weight populations, ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT significantly improved VO 2 max, but no other significant effects were observed. Current evidence suggests that ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT can increase VO 2 max and improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese populations.
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“High-intensity interval training40 and studies of intermittent stair climbing39 have shown that VPA bursts lasting 20 s to a few minutes, performed three to five times a day, can result in substantial improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in previously inactive adults within a few weeks, providing a plausible physiological basis14 for the associations we observed.”
From Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Meta-analyses of exercise trials have reported vigorous intensity bouts in three to four repetitions done three to five times a week enhances vascular function through cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic adaptations, which is superior to continuous moderate intensity.35”
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Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease
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“Aerobic training was performed in four SR-MAs, 19 – 22 resistance training in three SR-MAs, 7,19,21 either aerobic or resistance training or a combination of both in three SR-MAs, 17,18,24 and HIIT in four SR-MAs.”
InfluentialStamatakis, E., Ahmadi, M. N., Gill, J. M. R., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Gibala, M. J., Doherty, A., & Hamer, M. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02100-x · Cited by 336
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Metadata
- Authors
- Batacan, R. B., Duncan, M. J., Dalbo, V. J., Tucker, P. S., & Fenning, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Central Queensland University (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Fenning, Andrew S
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-10-20
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 494-503
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- OpenAlex
- W2533247860
- Cited by
- 799
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 11.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acquire (CQUniversity) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart Foundation of Australia (ID: 100029, 100029)
- Central Queensland University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training, cardiometabolic health, VO2max, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, body fat percentage, resting heart rate, overweight and obesity, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, insulin, inflammatory markers, cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity, body composition, serum lipids
- MeSH terms
- High-Intensity Interval Training, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism, Waist Circumference, Young Adult
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