Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement

Riddell, Michael C; Gallen, Ian W; Smart, Carmel E; Taplin, Craig E; Adolfsson, Peter; Lumb, Alistair N; Kowalski, Aaron; Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi; McCrimmon, Rory J; Hume, Carin; Annan, Francesca; Fournier, Paul A; Graham, Claudia; Bode, Bruce; Galassetti, Pietro; Jones, Timothy W; Millán, Iñigo San; Heise, Tim; Peters, Anne L; Petz, Andreas; Laffel, Lori M

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30014-1

Cited by 903Diabetes Management and ResearchPhysical Activity and HealthDiabetes Management and Education

Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement

Open access

Riddell, Michael C, Gallen, Ian W, Smart, Carmel E, Taplin, Craig E, Adolfsson, Peter, Lumb, Alistair N, Kowalski, Aaron, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi +13 more·2017·The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

DOI 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30014-1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is a challenging condition to manage for various physiological and behavioural reasons. Regular exercise is important, but management of different forms of physical activity is particularly difficult for both the individual with type 1 diabetes and the health-care provider. People with type 1 diabetes tend to be at least as inactive as the general population, with a large percentage of individuals not maintaining a healthy body mass nor achieving the minimum amount of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity per week. Regular exercise can improve health and wellbeing, and can help individuals to achieve their target lipid profile, body composition, and fitness and glycaemic goals. However, several additional barriers to exercise can exist for a person with diabetes, including fear of hypoglycaemia, loss of glycaemic control, and inadequate knowledge around exercise management. This Review provides an up-to-date consensus on exercise management for individuals with type 1 diabetes who exercise regularly, including glucose targets for safe and effective exercise, and nutritional and insulin dose adjustments to protect against exercise-related glucose excursions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30014-1

Cites

128 of 128 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

If an individual has proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, then vigorous activity requiring straining may be contraindicated because of the risk of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
“If an individual has proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, then vigorous activity requiring straining may be contraindicated because of the risk of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment (151).”
From The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2021) · cites this paper as [151]
The Diabetes-related complications section (page not supplied) says vigorous exercise and heavy weight lifting are contraindicated in certain people with long-standing diabetes or HbA1c well above target, particularly those with unstable proliferative retinopathy. It does not address severe nonproliferative retinopathy or identify vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment as the reason for the restriction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In people with type 1 diabetes, aerobic exercise is known to cause steep drops in blood glucose levels, whereas anaerobic exercise can cause glucose levels to rise.
“For example, in people with type 1 diabetes, aerobic exercise is known to cause steep drops in blood glucose levels, whereas anaerobic exercise can cause glucose levels to rise [3].”
From Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Common Daily Physical Activities and Types of Structured Exercise: Evaluation Study (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
Aerobic exercise can cause hypoglycemia in people with T1D.
“Aerobic exercise can cause hypoglycemia in people with T1D [15]”
From A statistical virtual patient population for the glucoregulatory system in type 1 diabetes with integrated exercise model (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
In subjects with diabetes or obesity, exercise increases insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body fat with nutritional interventions.
“In subjects with diabetes or obesity, exercise is the cornerstone of therapeutic interventions. It increases insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body fat with nutritional interventions”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [237]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1728 · Cited by 2,991 · see citing works
Self-citation
ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement
Convertino, V. A., Armstrong, L. E., Coyle, E. F., Mack, G. W., Sawka, M. N., Senay, L. C., & Sherman, W. M. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199610000-00045 · Cited by 1,977 · see citing works
Exercise and Fluid Replacement
(2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597 · Cited by 1,497 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This strategy should include CHO feeding well before exercise (~4 hours) and early in recovery (63,65).”
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006 · Cited by 1,359 · see citing works
Carbohydrates for training and competition
Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Wong, S. H. S., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.585473 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans
van Loon, L. J. C., Greenhaff, P. L., Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Saris, W. H. M., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies
Batacan, R. B., Duncan, M. J., Dalbo, V. J., Tucker, P. S., & Fenning, A. S. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095841 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Comparison of Predictive Equations for Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy Nonobese and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review
Frankenfield, D. C., Roth‐Yousey, L., & Compher, C. W. (2005) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.005 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Barriers to Physical Activity Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Brazeau, A.-S., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., Strychar, I., & Mircescu, H. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0720 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Self-citation
Energy availability in athletes
Loucks, A. B., Kiens, B., & Wright, H. H. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.588958 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study
Venables, M. C., Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00662.2003 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology and clinical implications
Frier, B. M. (2014) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.170 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
What are the health benefits of physical activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus? A literature review
Chimen, M., Kennedy, A., Nirantharakumar, K., Pang, T. T., Andrews, R., & Narendran, P. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2403-2 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise
Jeukendrup, A. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Glucose Meters: A Review of Technical Challenges to Obtaining Accurate Results
Tonyushkina, K. N., & Nichols, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300446 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Protein "requirements" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health
Phillips, S. M., Chevalier, S., & Leidy, H. J. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0550 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era
Bell, K. J., Smart, C. E., Steil, G. M., Brand-Miller, J. C., King, B., & Wolpert, H. A. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0100 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in the 21st century: an international comparison
McKnight, J. A., Wild, S. H., Lamb, M. J. E., Cooper, M. N., Jones, T. W., Davis, E. A., Hofer, S., Fritsch, M., Schober, E., Svensson, J., et al. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12676 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citation
Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro‐ and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients
Mitranun, W., Deerochanawong, C., Tanaka, H., & Suksom, D. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12112 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Impact of physical activity on glycemic control and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional multicenter study of 18,028 patients
Bohn, B., Herbst, A., Pfeifer, M., Krakow, D., Zimny, S., Kopp, F., Melmer, A., Steinacker, J. M., & Holl, R. W. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0030 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Guidelines for Premeal Insulin Dose Reduction for Postprandial Exercise of Different Intensities and Durations in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Treated Intensively With a Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen (Ultralente-Lispro)
RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Bourque, J., Ducros, F., & Chiasson, J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.625 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased Protein Intake Reduces Lean Body Mass Loss during Weight Loss in Athletes
METTLER, S., MITCHELL, N., & TIPTON, K. D. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b2ef8e · Cited by 288 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Higher intakes may be needed for recovery from injury or for individuals on energy 297 restricted diets (71) to maintain lean body mass.”
Background
4. Foundations of Care: Education, Nutrition, Physical Activity, Smoking Cessation, Psychosocial Care, and Immunization
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-s007 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Resistance Versus Aerobic Exercise
Yardley, J. E., Kenny, G. P., Perkins, B. A., Riddell, M. C., Balaa, N., Malcolm, J., Boulay, P., Khandwala, F., & Sigal, R. J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0963 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citation
Metabolic and hormonal effects of muscular exercise in juvenile type diabetics
Berger, M., Berchtold, P., C�ppers, H. J., Drost, H., Kley, H. K., M�ller, W. A., Wiegelmann, W., Zimmermann-Telschow, H., Gries, F. A., Kr�skemper, H. L., et al. (1977) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01223279 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Substrate utilization during exercise in active people
Coyle, E. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.4.968s · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Physical activity interventions in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Quirk, H., Blake, H., Tennyson, R. L., Randell, T. L., & Glazebrook, C. (2014) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12531 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Nutritional Strategies to Promote Postexercise Recovery
Beelen, M., Burke, L. M., Gibala, M. J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2010) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.515 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Carbohydrate availability and exercise training adaptation: Too much of a good thing?
Bartlett, J. D., Hawley, J. A., & Morton, J. P. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.920926 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Confirmation of hypoglycemia in the “dead-in-bed” syndrome, as captured by a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system
Tanenberg, R. J., Newton, C. A., & Drake, A. J. (2010) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep09260.cr · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Prevention of Hypoglycemia During Exercise in Children With Type 1 Diabetes by Suspending Basal Insulin
the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0495 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Effects of Performing Resistance Exercise Before Versus After Aerobic Exercise on Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Yardley, J. E., Kenny, G. P., Perkins, B. A., Riddell, M. C., Malcolm, J., Boulay, P., Khandwala, F., & Sigal, R. J. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1844 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citation
Re-Examining High-Fat Diets for Sports Performance: Did We Call the ‘Nail in the Coffin’ Too Soon?
Burke, L. M. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0393-9 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Increased muscle glucose uptake during contractions: no need for insulin
Ploug, T., Galbo, H., & Richter, E. A. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1984.247.6.e726 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes
Phillips, S. M. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002516 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Attitudes and Barriers to Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) and How Best to Address Them: A Qualitative Study
Lascar, N., Kennedy, A., Hancock, B., Jenkins, D., Andrews, R. C., Greenfield, S., & Narendran, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108019 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Glucose and Counterregulatory Hormone Concentrations in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1192 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes
Robertson, K. J., Adolfsson, P., Scheiner, G., Hanås, R., & Riddell, M. C. (2009) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00567.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citation
A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in adults with type 1 diabetes
Yardley, J. E., Hay, J. L., Abou-Setta, A. M., Marks, S. D., & McGavock, J. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.038 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Does Exercise Improve Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kennedy, A., Nirantharakumar, K., Chimen, M., Pang, T., Hemming, K., Andrews, R. C., & Narendran, P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058861 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Regulation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow
Frayn, K. N., & Karpe, F. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.200 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Reveals Delayed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia After Intermittent High-Intensity Exercise in Nontrained Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Maran, A., Pavan, P., Bonsembiante, B., Brugin, E., Ermolao, A., Avogaro, A., & Zaccaria, M. (2010) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0038 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Preventing Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring and a New Carbohydrate Intake Algorithm: An Observational Field Study
Riddell, M. C., & Milliken, J. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0052 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of intermittent high-intensity compared with continuous moderate exercise on glucose production and utilization in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Guelfi, K. J., Ratnam, N., Smythe, G. A., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00533.2006 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Performing Morning Versus Afternoon Exercise on Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia Frequency in Type 1 Diabetes Patients on Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy
Gómez, A. M., Giraldo, C. M. G., Aschner, P. J., Veloza, A., Múñoz, Ó., Rubio, C., & Vallejo, S. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814566233 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Continuous moderate‐intensity exercise with or without intermittent high‐intensity work: effects on acute and late glycaemia in athletes with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Iscoe, K. E., & Riddell, M. C. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03274.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Glucose and Counterregulatory Hormone Concentrations in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.1.20 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Adaptations to short-term high-fat diet persist during exercise despite high carbohydrate availability
BURKE, L. M., HAWLEY, J. A., ANGUS, D. J., COX, G. R., CLARK, S. A., CUMMINGS, N. K., DESBROW, B., & HARGREAVES, M. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200201000-00014 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise versus Moderate Continuous Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis and Hormone Response in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Ultra-Long-Acting Insulin
Moser, O., Tschakert, G., Mueller, A., Groeschl, W., Pieber, T. R., Obermayer-Pietsch, B. M., Koehler, G., & Hofmann, P. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136489 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
A Contemporary Estimate of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Miller, R. G., Mahajan, H., Costacou, T., Sekikawa, A. M., Anderson, S., & Orchard, T. J. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1162 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The association of physical activity and diabetic complications in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: The epidemiology of diabetes complications study—VII
Kriska, A. M., LaPorte, R. E., Patrick, S. L., Kuller, L. H., & Orchard, T. J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90153-z · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Impact of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Herbst, A., Kordonouri, O., Schwab, K. O., Schmidt, F., Holl, R. W., & on behalf of the DPV Initiative of the German Working Group for Pediatric Diabetology Germany (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2636 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Insulin therapy and dietary adjustments to normalize glycemia and prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia after evening exercise in type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Campbell, M. D., Walker, M., Bracken, R. M., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000085 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Preventing Post-Exercise Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Taplin, C. E., Cobry, E. C., Messer, L. H., McFann, K., Chase, H. P., & Fiallo-Scharer, R. V. (2010) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hypoglycemia Risk During Exercise After Intramuscular Injection of Insulin in Thigh in IDDM
Frid, A. H., Östman, J., & Linde, B. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.5.473 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Caffeine and Exercise
Paluska, S. A. (2003) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/00149619-200308000-00008 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Exercise With and Without an Insulin Pump Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Admon, G., Weinstein, Y., Falk, B., Weintrob, N., Benzaquen, H., Ofan, R., Fayman, G., Zigel, L., Constantini, N., & Phillip, M. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2428 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Glucoregulation during and after exercise in health and insulin-dependent diabetes.
Camacho, R. C., Galassetti, P. R., Davis, S. N., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring Errors on Glucose Variability, Risk for Hypoglycemia, and Average Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes: An In Silico Study
Breton, M. D., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400309 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Exercise and the Development of the Artificial Pancreas
Riddell, M. C., Zaharieva, D. P., Yavelberg, L., Çınar, A., & Jamnik, V. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815609370 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantifying the Acute Changes in Glucose with Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
García-García, F., Kumareswaran, K., Hovorka, R., & Hernando, M. E. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0302-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes
Robertson, K. J., Riddell, M. C., Guinhouya, B. C., Adolfsson, P., & Hanås, R. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12176 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Barriers to Active Lifestyles in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Jabbour, G., Henderson, M., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.12.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Day After the Night Before
Richardson, T., Weiß, M., Thomas, P., & Kerr, D. E. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.7.1801 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Exercise effects on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes: a triple-tracer approach
Mallad, A., Hinshaw, L., Schiavon, M., Dalla Man, C., Dadlani, V., Basu, R., Lingineni, R., Cobelli, C., Johnson, M. L., Carter, R., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00014.2015 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Metabolic Implications when Employing Heavy Pre- and Post-Exercise Rapid-Acting Insulin Reductions to Prevent Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Campbell, M. D., Walker, M., Trenell, M. I., Luzio, S. D., Dunseath, G. J., Tuner, D., Bracken, R. M., Bain, S. C., Russell, M. A., Stevenson, E., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097143 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The PILGRIM Study: In Silico Modeling of a Predictive Low Glucose Management System and Feasibility in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes During Exercise
Danne, T., Tsioli, C., Kordonouri, O., Bläsig, S., Remus, K., Roy, A., Keenan, D. B., Lee, S. W., & KAUFMAN, F. R. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0327 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Effect of a Short Sprint on Postexercise Whole-Body Glucose Production and Utilization Rates in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Fahey, A. J., Paramalingam, N., Davey, R. J., Davis, E. A., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1604 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citation
Insulin Pump Therapy Is Associated with Less Post-Exercise Hyperglycemia than Multiple Daily Injections: An Observational Study of Physically Active Type 1 Diabetes Patients
Yardley, J. E., Iscoe, K. E., Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Perkins, B. A., & Riddell, M. C. (2012) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0168 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Insulin‐based strategies to prevent hypoglycaemia during and after exercise in adult patients with type 1 diabetes on pump therapy: the DIABRASPORT randomized study
Franc, S., Daoudi, A., Pochat, A., Petit, M., Randazzo, C., Petit, C., Duclos, M., Penfornis, A., Pussard, E., Not, D., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12552 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Impact of single and multiple sets of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes
Turner, D. G. P., Luzio, S. D., Gray, B. J., Dunseath, G. J., Rees, E. D., Kilduff, L. P., Campbell, M. D., West, D. J., Bain, S. C., & Bracken, R. M. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12202 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Glucose Ingestion Matched with Total Carbohydrate Utilization Attenuates Hypoglycemia during Exercise in Adolescents with IDDM
Riddell, M. C., Bar‐Or, O., Ayub, B. V., et al. (1999) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition · doi:10.1123/ijsn.9.1.24 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Large Pre- and Postexercise Rapid-Acting Insulin Reductions Preserve Glycemia and Prevent Early- but Not Late-Onset Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Campbell, M. D., Walker, M., Trenell, M. I., Jakovljević, D. G., Stevenson, E., Bracken, R. M., Bain, S. C., & West, D. J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2467 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Insulin pump basal adjustment for exercise in type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study
McAuley, S. A., Horsburgh, J. C., Ward, G. M., Gerche, A. L., Gooley, J. L., Jenkins, A. J., MacIsaac, R. J., & O'Neal, D. N. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3981-9 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Sprint Training Increases Muscle Oxidative Metabolism During High-Intensity Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Harmer, A. R., Chisholm, D. J., McKenna, M. J., Hunter, S. K., Ruell, P. A., Naylor, J., Maxwell, L. J., & Flack, J. R. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0329 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Associations Between Media Consumption Habits, Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Glycemic Control in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Galler, A., Lindau, M., Ernert, A., Thalemann, R., & Raile, K. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0838 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Dysglycaemia in the critically ill – significance and management
Deane, A. M., & Horowitz, M. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12078 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effect of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to exercise in type 1 diabetes
Galassetti, P. R., Tate, D. B., Neill, R. A., Richardson, A., Leu, S., & Davis, S. N. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intramuscular Risk at Insulin Injection Sites—Measurement of the Distance from Skin to Muscle and Rationale for Shorter-Length Needles for Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy
Hirsch, L. J., Byron, K., & Gibney, M. A. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0111 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A combined insulin reduction and carbohydrate feeding strategy 30 min before running best preserves blood glucose concentration after exercise through improved fuel oxidation in type 1 diabetes mellitus
West, D. J., Stephens, J. W., Bain, S. C., Kilduff, L. P., Luzio, S. D., Still, R., & Bracken, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.531753 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Metabolic and hormonal response to intermittent high-intensity and continuous moderate intensity exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study
Bally, L., Züger, T., Buehler, T., Dokumacı, A. S., Speck, C., Pasi, N., Ciller, C., Paganini, D., Feller, K., Loher, H., et al. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3854-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
High-Intensity Training Improves Plasma Glucose and Acid-Base Regulation During Intermittent Maximal Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Harmer, A. R., Chisholm, D. J., McKenna, M. J., Morris, N. R., Thom, J. M., Bennett, G., & Flack, J. R. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1790 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A Low–Glycemic Index Meal and Bedtime Snack Prevents Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Associated Rises in Inflammatory Markers, Providing Protection From Early but Not Late Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Following Evening Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Campbell, M. D., Walker, M., Trenell, M. I., Stevenson, E., Turner, D. G. P., Bracken, R. M., Shaw, J., & West, D. J. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0186 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise on the Absorption of Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Peter, R., Luzio, S. D., Dunseath, G. J., Miles, A., Hare, B., Backx, K., Pauvaday, V., & Owens, D. R. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.560 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Effect of Exercise Intensity on Glucose Requirements to Maintain Euglycemia During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Shetty, V. B., Fournier, P. A., Davey, R. J., Retterath, A. J., Paramalingam, N., Roby, H. C., Cooper, M. N., Davis, E. A., & Jones, T. W. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4026 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Effect of Midday Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Postexercise Hypoglycemia Risk in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Davey, R. J., Howe, W., Paramalingam, N., Ferreira, L. D., Davis, E. A., Fournier, P. A., & Jones, T. W. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1169 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fluid snacks to help persons with type 1 diabetes avoid late onset postexercise hypoglycemia
Hernandez, J. M., MOCCIA, T., Fluckey, J. D., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200005000-00005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Contribution of an Intrinsic Lag of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems to Differences in Measured and Actual Glucose Concentrations Changing at Variable Rates in Vitro
Davey, R. J., Low, C., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400614 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of Two Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems, Dexcom G4 Platinum and Medtronic Paradigm Veo Enlite System, at Rest and During Exercise
Taleb, N., Emami, A., Suppère, C., Messier, V., Legault, L., Chiasson, J., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., & Haidar, A. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0394 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sex differences in the control of glucose homeostasis
Blaak, E. E. (2008) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32830467d3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Glucoregulation During Exercise: The Role of the Neuroendocrine System
Coker, R. H., & Kjaer, M. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535070-00003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Subcutaneous absorption of insulin in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Influence of species, physico-chemical properties of insulin and physiological factors.
Hildebrandt, P. R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Point Accuracy of Interstitial Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Yardley, J. E., Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Riddell, M. C., Lovblom, L. E., & Perkins, B. A. (2012) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0182 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring during differing exercise conditions
Bally, L., Züger, T., Pasi, N., Carlos, C., Paganini, D., & Stettler, C. (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.11.012 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Glucose Response to Intense Aerobic Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Mauvais‐Jarvis, F., Sobngwi, E., Porcher, R., Garnier, J. P., Vexiau, P., Duvallet, A. L., & Gautier, J. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1316 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nonadjunctive Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes Treatment Decisions
Castle, J. R., & Jacobs, P. G. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816631569 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Association of aerobic fitness level with exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes
Khalifah, R. A. A., Suppère, C., Haidar, A., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Ladouceur, M., & Legault, L. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13070 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise-associated glucose metabolism in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Bally, L., Laimer, M. W., & Stettler, C. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000185 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Blood Glucose Levels and Performance in a Sports Camp for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Field Study
Kelly, D., Hamilton, J. K., & Riddell, M. C. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1155/2010/216167 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: diabetes mellitus and related comorbidities1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
Riddell, M. C., & Burr, J. F. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h11-063 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Considerations for protein intake in managing weight loss in athletes
Murphy, C. H., Hector, A. J., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.936325 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Changes in Basal Insulin Infusion Rates With Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Heinemann, L., Nosek, L., Kapitza, C., Schweitzer, M. A., & Krinelke, L. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0595 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Clinical Management of the Physically Active Patient with Type 1 Diabetes
Chu, L., Hamilton, J. K., & Riddell, M. C. (2011) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2011.05.1896 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Blood glucose responses to reductions in pre-exercise rapid-acting insulin for 24 h after running in individuals with type 1 diabetes
West, D. J., Morton, R. D., Bain, S. C., Stephens, J. W., & Bracken, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640411003734093 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cardiovascular health in adults with type 1 diabetes
McCarthy, M. M., Funk, M., & Grey, M. J. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.019 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Algorithm that delivers an individualized rapid‐acting insulin dose after morning resistance exercise counters post‐exercise hyperglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes
Turner, D. G. P., Luzio, S. D., Gray, B. J., et al. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12870 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Glycemic Response of Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents During Exercise
Perrone, C., Laitano, O., & Meyer, F. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2537 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Combined Effect of Exercise and Ambient Temperature on Insulin Absorption and Postprandial Glycemia in Type I Patients
Rönnemaa, T., & Koivisto, V. A. (1988) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.11.10.769 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evaluation of glucose control when a new strategy of increased carbohydrate supply is implemented during prolonged physical exercise in type 1 diabetes
Adolfsson, P., Mattsson, S., & JENDLE, J. H. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3251-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of pre‐exercise rapid‐acting insulin reductions on ketogenesis following running in Type 1 diabetes
Bracken, R. M., West, D. J., Stephens, J. W., et al. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03162.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Risks of marathon running and hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes
Graveling, A. J., & Frier, B. M. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02969.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Isomaltulose Improves Glycemia and Maintains Run Performance in Type 1 Diabetes
BRACKEN, R. M., PAGE, R., GRAY, B., KILDUFF, L. P., WEST, D. J., STEPHENS, J. W., & BAIN, S. C. (2012) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31823f6557 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Lifestyle and Beyond
Katz, M. L., Giani, E., & Laffel, L. M. (2015) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0692-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of acute caffeine supplementation on reducing exercise‐associated hypoglycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Zaharieva, D. P., Miadovnik, L. A., Rowan, C. P., Gumieniak, R. J., Jamnik, V., & Riddell, M. C. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12857 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plasma glucose and hypoglycaemia following exercise in people with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison of three basal insulins
Arutchelvam, V., Heise, T., Dellweg, S., Elbroend, B., Minns, I., & Home, P. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02807.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hypoglycemia Begets Hypoglycemia: The Order Effect in the ASPIRE In-Clinic Study
Garg, S. K., Brazg, R., Bailey, T. S., Buckingham, B. A., Slover, R. H., Klonoff, D. C., Shin, J., Welsh, J. B., & KAUFMAN, F. R. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0219 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and a Glucose Monitoring Schedule in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes during Recreational Diving
Adolfsson, P., Örnhagen, H., & JENDLE, J. H. (2008) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680800200505 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Similar risk of exercise‐related hypoglycaemia for insulin degludec to that for insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes: a randomized cross‐over trial
Heise, T., Bain, S., Bracken, R. M., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12588 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reasons for the discontinuation of therapy of personal insulin pump in children with type 1 diabetes
Binek, A., Rembierz-Knoll, A., Polańska, J., et al. (2015) · Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.18544/pedm-21.02.0026 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Aerobic Fitness and Glycemic Variability in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Singhvi, A., Tansey, M., Janz, K. F., Zimmerman, M. B., & Tsalikian, E. (2014) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13211.or · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Antecedent hypoglycaemia does not diminish the glycaemia-increasing effect and glucoregulatory responses of a 10 s sprint in people with type 1 diabetes
Davey, R. J., Paramalingam, N., Retterath, A. J., Lim, E. M., Davis, E. A., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3218-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is early and late post-meal exercise so different in type 1 diabetic lispro users?
Dubé, M. C., Weisnagel, S. J., Prud’homme, D., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2005.09.017 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Exercise capacity as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes among nondiabetic and diabetic patients
Pierre-Louis, B., Guddati, A. K., Syed, M. K. H., et al. (2014) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2014.40731 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Muscular Exercise in Type I-Diabetics. I. Different Metabolic Reactions during Heavy Muscular Work in Dependence on Actual Insulin Availability
Zander, E., Bruns, W., Wulfert, P., et al. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1210259 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Enhancement of Muscle Insulin Sensitivity After Exercise: A Rac1-Independent Handoff to Some Other Player?
Teich, T., & Riddell, M. C. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1453 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recurrent nightly ketosis after prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetes - the need for glycogen replacement strategies. Case report and review of literature
van Albada, M. E., & Waarde, W. M. B. (2015) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12328 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Education and individualized support regarding exercise and diabetes improves glucose control and level of physical activity in type 1 diabetes individuals
Adolfsson, P., Strömgren, A., Mattsson, S., et al. (2015) · Örebro University (Örebro University) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Insulin pumps improve glucose control in children with type 1 diabetes, study finds
Mayor, S. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h5998 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Quirk H, Blake H, Tennyson R, Randell TL, Glazebrook C. Physical activity interventions in children and young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc 2014 Oct; 31: 1163-73. [A: this is a duplicate of ref 6; will be removed and references renumbered from this point]

Sorted by citations

Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. 2020 Update. A position paper from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
Ambrosetti, M., Abreu, A., Corrà, U., Davos, C. H., Hansen, D., Frederix, I., Iliou, M. C., Pedretti, R. F. E., Schmid, J.-P., Vigorito, C., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487320913379 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine
KANALEY, J. A., COLBERG, S. R., CORCORAN, M. H., MALIN, S. K., RODRIGUEZ, N. R., CRESPO, C. J., KIRWAN, J. P., & ZIERATH, J. R. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002800 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
5. Lifestyle Management:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s005 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Self-citation
4. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-s004 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s005 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s005 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Eichorst, B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s005 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms
Corbin, K. D., Driscoll, K. A., Pratley, R. E., Smith, S. R., Maahs, D. M., Mayer-Davis, E. J., & Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Network (ACT1ON) (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00191 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
13. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s013 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Exercise prescription in patients with different combinations of cardiovascular disease risk factors: a consensus statement from the EXPERT Working Group
Hansen, D., Niebauer, J., Cornelissen, V., Barna, O., Neunhäuserer, D., Stettler, C., Tonoli, C., Greco, E., Fagard, R., Coninx, K., et al. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0930-4 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance
Papakonstantinou, E., Oikonomou, C., Nychas, G., & Dimitriadis, G. D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040823 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
Lin, R., Brown, F., James, S., Jones, J., & Ekinci, E. (2021) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14528 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes
Adolfsson, P., Riddell, M. C., Taplin, C. E., Davis, E. A., Fournier, P. A., Annan, F., Scaramuzza, A. E., Hasnani, D., & Hofer, S. E. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12755 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citation
14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s014 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Common Daily Physical Activities and Types of Structured Exercise: Evaluation Study
Reddy, R. K., Pooni, R., Zaharieva, D. P., Senf, B., El Youssef, J., Dassau, E., Doyle III, F. J., Clements, M. A., Rickels, M. R., Patton, S. R., et al. (2018) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/10338 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citation
Randomized Outpatient Trial of Single- and Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop Systems That Adapt to Exercise Using Wearable Sensors
Castle, J. R., El Youssef, J., Wilson, L. M., Reddy, R., Resalat, N., Branigan, D., Ramsey, K., Leitschuh, J., Rajhbeharrysingh, U., Senf, B., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0228 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Weight management in patients with type 1 diabetes and obesity
Mottalib, A., Kasetty, M., Mar, J. Y., Elseaidy, T., Ashrafzadeh, S., & Hamdy, O. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0918-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Open-source automated insulin delivery: international consensus statement and practical guidance for health-care professionals
Braune, K., Lal, R. A., Petruželková, L., Scheiner, G., Winterdijk, P., Schmidt, S., Raimond, L., Hood, K. K., Riddell, M. C., Skinner, T. C., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00267-9 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cardiovascular health benefits of exercise training in persons living with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu, N., Bredin, S. S. D., Guan, Y., Dickinson, K., Kim, D. D., Chua, Z., Kaufman, K., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8020253 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Benefits outweigh the risks: a consensus statement on the risks of physical activity for people living with long-term conditions
Reid, H., Ridout, A. J., Tomaz, S. A., Kelly, P., & Jones, N. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104281 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A Practical Approach to Using Trend Arrows on the Dexcom G5 CGM System to Manage Children and Adolescents With Diabetes
Laffel, L. M., Aleppo, G., Buckingham, B. A., Forlenza, G. P., Rasbach, L. E., Tsalikian, E., Weinzimer, S. A., & Harris, D. R. (2017) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2017-00389 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation
A statistical virtual patient population for the glucoregulatory system in type 1 diabetes with integrated exercise model
Resalat, N., El Youssef, J., Tyler, N., Castle, J., & Jacobs, P. G. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217301 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mini-dose glucagon as a novel approach to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
Rickels, M. R., DuBose, S. N., Toschi, E., Beck, R. W., Verdejo, A. S., Wolpert, H., Cummins, M. J., Newswanger, B., Riddell, M. C., T1D Exchange Mini-Dose Glucagon Exercise Study Group, et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0051 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prediction of hypoglycemia during aerobic exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes
Reddy, R., Resalat, N., Wilson, L. M., Castle, J. R., El Youssef, J., & Jacobs, P. G. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296818823792 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, counterregulatory responses, and therapeutic options in type 1 diabetes
Rickels, M. R. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14214 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Effects of Basal Insulin Suspension at the Start of Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels During Continuous Versus Circuit-Based Exercise in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Zaharieva, D., Yavelberg, L., Jamnik, V., Cinar, A., Turksoy, K., & Riddell, M. C. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2017.0010 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
A single-blind, randomised, crossover study to reduce hypoglycaemia risk during postprandial exercise with closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes: Announced (with or without bolus reduction) vs unannounced exercise strategies
Tagougui, S., Taleb, N., Legault, L., Suppère, C., Messier, V., Boukabous, I., Shohoudi, A., Ladouceur, M., & Rabasa-Lhoret, R. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05244-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
The complex relationship between physical activity and diabetes: an overview
Palermi, S., Iacono, O., Sirico, F., Modestino, M., Ruosi, C., Spera, R., & De Luca, M. (2022) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0279 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Benefits and limitations of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes
Stone, J. Y., & Bailey, T. S. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1706482 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Weight Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity: Challenges and Possible Solutions
Zaharieva, D. P., Addala, A., Simmons, K. M., & Maahs, D. M. (2020) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00411-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Acceptability of self-management group education to reduce fear of hypoglycemia as a barrier to physical activity in adults with type 1 diabetes: A mixed methods approach
Brennan, M. C., Brown, J. A., Leslie, G. D., & Ntoumanis, N. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.04.008 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Individual responses to aerobic exercise: The role of the autonomic nervous system
Hautala, A. J., Kiviniemi, A. M., & Tulppo, M. P. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.04.009 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Investigation and analysis on the status of diabetes cognition among COPD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus
Dong, A. (2014) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration
Hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes are both associated with poorer outcomes in COVID-19
Singh, A. K., & Singh, R. R. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108382 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Diabetes status affects long-term changes in coronal caries - The SHIP Study
Schmolinsky, J., Kocher, T., Rathmann, W., Völzke, H., Pink, C., & Holtfreter, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51086-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Diabetes and life expectancy among Japanese – NIPPON DATA80
Turin, T. C., Murakami, Y., Miura, K., Rumana, N., Kadota, A., Ohkubo, T., Okamura, T., Okayama, A., & Ueshima, H. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Authors: Riddell, M. C., Gallen, I. W., Smart, C. E., Taplin, C. E., Adolfsson, P., Lumb, A. N., Kowalski, A., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., McCrimmon, R. J., Hume, C., Annan, F., Fournier, P. A., Graham, C., Bode, B., Galassetti, P., Jones, T. W., Millán, I. S., Heise, T., Peters, A. L., Petz, A., & Laffel, L. M.
Affiliations: York University (CA)
Royal Berkshire Hospital (GB)
Hunter Medical Research Institute (AU)
Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
Hallands sjukhus Kungsbacka (SE)
Churchill Hospital (GB)
Breakthrough T1D (US)
University of Dundee (GB)
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
The University of Western Australia (AU)
Dexcom (United States) (US)
Atlanta Diabetes Associates (US)
University of California, Irvine (US)
The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
Profil Institute for Metabolic Research (DE)
University of Southern California (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Riddell, Michael C
ORCID: Riddell, Michael C
Smart, Carmel E
Taplin, Craig E
Adolfsson, Peter
Lumb, Alistair N
Kowalski, Aaron
McCrimmon, Rory J
Annan, Francesca
Fournier, Paul A
Bode, Bruce
Jones, Timothy W
Heise, Tim
Peters, Anne L
Laffel, Lori M
Venue: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-05
Volume: 5
Issue: 5
Pages: 377-390
ISSN: 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30014-1
OpenAlex: W2580463185
Cited by: 903
References: 128
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 29
FWCI: 72.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, exercise management, physical activity, hypoglycemia, glycemic targets, insulin dose adjustment, glycemic control, barriers to exercise, body mass, aerobic exercise
MeSH terms: Contraindications, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Nutritional Requirements, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks