The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published meta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine on exercise performance. Design: Umbrella review. Data sources: Twelve databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Meta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance. Results: Eleven reviews (with a total of 21 meta-analyses) were included, all being of moderate or high methodological quality (assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 checklist). In the meta-analyses, caffeine was ergogenic for aerobic endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, power, jumping performance and exercise speed. However, not all analyses provided a definite direction for the effect of caffeine when considering the 95% prediction interval. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria the quality of evidence was generally categorised as moderate (with some low to very low quality of evidence). Most individual studies included in the published meta-analyses were conducted among young men. Summary/conclusion: Synthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggest that caffeine ingestion improves exercise performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Ergogenic effects of caffeine on muscle endurance, muscle strength, anaerobic power and aerobic endurance were substantiated by moderate quality of evidence coming from moderate-to-high quality systematic reviews. For other outcomes, we found moderate quality reviews that presented evidence of very low or low quality. It seems that the magnitude of the effect of caffeine is generally greater for aerobic as compared with anaerobic exercise. More primary studies should be conducted among women, middle-aged and older adults to improve the generalisability of these findings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine (CAF), recognized as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is a supplement widely used by physically active individuals and trained athletes [ 1 ] due to its ergogenic impact on both endurance [ 2 ] and strength exercises [ 3 - 5 ].”
From Impact of Caffeine Intake Strategies on Heart Rate Variability during Post-Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Substantial evidence also indicates that caffeine produces consistent ergogenic effects across a range of athletic tasks, thereby improving physical capacity and exercise performance [4,5,6].”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Recent reviews further suggest that both lower doses (≤3 mg/kg) and higher doses (6–9 mg/kg) can improve exercise performance, although the magnitude of benefit may differ [4,83].”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Previous studies [4,5,78] suggest that 3–6 mg·kg−1 is the most commonly used dose range for improving aerobic, high-intensity, and sport-specific performance, yet doses of approximately 2–3 mg·kg−1 may already produce observable ergogenic effects.”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Previous studies [4,5,78] suggest that 3–6 mg·kg−1 is the most commonly used dose range for improving aerobic, high-intensity, and sport-specific performance, yet doses of approximately 2–3 mg·kg−1 may already produce observable ergogenic effects.”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, research on caffeine and exercise has predominantly focused on its ergogenic properties, particularly its capacity to enhance endurance performance, high-intensity exercise capacity, and sport-specific performance [4,14,15,16,17].”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Spriet noted that smaller caffeine doses do not substantially alter the overall peripheral physiological response to exercise [4,83], suggesting that the performance benefits of low-dose caffeine may arise primarily from central nervous system effects.”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Caffeine is widely consumed as part of a normal diet, and there is clear evidence-for-efficacy regarding its ergogenic properties in a variety of sports [150–152], although the extent of the ergogenic effect is largely dependent on inter-individual genetic variance [153].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [152]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681
Shea, B. J., Reeves, B. C., Wells, G., Thuku, M., Hamel, C., Moran, J., Moher, D., Tugwell, P., Welch, V., Kristjansson, E., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j4008 · Cited by 10,636
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Aromataris, E., Fernandez, R., Godfrey, C. M., Holly, C., Khalil, H., & Tungpunkom, P. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000055 · Cited by 2,587
Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty
McPhee, J. S., French, D. P., Jackson, D., Nazroo, J., Pendleton, N., & Degens, H. (2016) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-016-9641-0 · Cited by 1,369
IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-performance Athlete
Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Rawson, E. S., Walsh, N. P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027 · Cited by 1,004
Early‐life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews
Monasta, L., Batty, G. D., Cattaneo, A., Lutje, V., Ronfani, L., van Lenthe, F. J., & Brug, J. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00735.x · Cited by 626
Doherty, M., & Smith, P. M. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00445.x · Cited by 512
Caffeine and Anaerobic Performance
Davis, J.-K., & Green, J. M. (2009) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11317770-000000000-00000 · Cited by 453
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–375 of 375
Zart, S., Dindorf, C., & Fröhlich, M. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0631.v1 · Cited by 1
Suplementação de cafeína em exercícios anaeróbios
Mata, V. D., Fialho, R. A., & Setaro, L. (2020) · Advances in Nutritional Sciences · doi:10.47693/ans.v1i1.13
Deletion of CD73 increases exercise power in micePreprint
Aguiar, A. S., Speck, A. E., Canas, P. M., & Cunha, R. A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.431631
Chronic caffeine use does not influence behavior and brain oxidative status in mice
Castro, T. P. A. E., Ladeira, L., Santos, C. F. F., de Deus, F. Â., Rocha‐Gomes, A., Bastos, D. S. S., Souza, A. C. F., & dos Santos, E. C. (2021) · Revista da Associação Brasileira de Nutrição - RASBRAN · doi:10.47320/rasbran.2021.2014
„Dopen“ mit Kaffee scheint zu klappen
Medizin, S. (2019) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-019-0467-y
(2020) · Nutrition, science en évolution · doi:10.7202/1073596ar
Endring av faktiske prestasjonsutfall ved bruk av ergogene tilskudd
Norum, M. (2021) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.19.1.7
Fares, E.-J. (2022) · American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research · doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2022.15.002112
Exogenous Caffeine Ingestion Does Not Increase Plantarflexor Torque in Older or Younger Men
Ugliara, L., Bottaro, M., Álex, S., Tufano, J. J., Blazevich, A. J., Junior, V., & Vieira, A. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2022-0074
Martins, G. L. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.39.2022.tde-21122022-180012
Revisão sistemática do efeito ergométrico da cafeína
Marques, B. G., Maia, L. S., de Oliveira, M. T., Souto, V. B. M., AMARAL, T. M. D., & Rabelo, G. N. D. C. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40825
Mackay, K. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.242771
Multi-omics reveals changed energy metabolism of liver and muscle by caffeine after mice swimming
Han, Y., Jia, Q., Tian, Y., Yan, Y., He, K., & Zhao, X. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16677
“In recent years, as a result of its ergogenic function, numerous studies have explored the effects of caffeine on exercise performance ( Grgic et al., 2020 ).”
BackgroundDums, W. (2024) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.61164/rmnm.v4i1.2286
"Single Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements for Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy"
Fett, C. A. (2023) · Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine · doi:10.31031/rism.2023.09.000713
Kafeinin Ağızda Çalkalanmasının Egzersiz Performansı Üzerine Etkisi: Geleneksel Derleme
Sertkaya, M. U., Karayiğit, R., Köse, Y., & Bora, M. M. (2024) · Yalova Üniversitesi spor bilimleri dergisi. · doi:10.70007/yalovaspor.1522579
The brain response to coffee consumption
Blanco-Díaz, C. F., Guerrero-Méndez, C. D., Orjuela-Cañón, Á. D., Bastos-Filho, T., Ruiz-Olaya, A. F., & Jaramillo-Isaza, S. (2024) · Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13868-3.00009-0
Trentman, C., Louissaint, L. G., & Enaohwo, O. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66885-2_1
Cafeína en la mujer atleta según el ciclo menstrual: una revisión sistemática
Gries, D. M., Santacreu, V., Fornaresio, V., Ruggi, F. Y., & Obeid, M. D. (2024) · Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte · doi:10.24310/riccafd.13.3.2024.20419
Caffeine against persistent fatigue in long-COVID: a randomized clinical trial
Cardoso, L. R., Campos, M. C., Nery, T., Alves, A. C. D. B., Speck, A. E., Santos, N. D. S., Fabro, I. F., Gress, J. B., Oliveira, R. J., Damin, V., et al. (2025) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2025.2483112
“Beyond its central effects, caffeine enhances peripheral energy metabolism by increasing fatty acid oxidation and glycogen sparing, delaying exhaustion [38].”
Almeida, B., Sampaio-Jorge, F., Barth, T., Maciel, T. D. S., Morales, A. P., & Ribeiro, B. G. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.021
The Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Caffeine Intake on Athletic Performance in Combat Sports
ORAKÇI, N. B. D., & Göbel, P. (2025) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1556790
Julea, M., & Saleh, S. N. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.96017
“Some of these ingredients are proven ergogenic aids [40,41].”
InfluentialRybakova, P. D., Meshtel, A. V., Miroshnikov, A. B., Antonov, A. G., & Vybornov, V. D. (2025) · Sports medicine research and practice · doi:10.47529/2223-2524.2025.2.1
Nutrigenomics and sports performance
Shivsharan, R. R., Ayyar, P. V., Akkalkote, R. S., Bhagwat, P. K., Patil, V. B., & Pillai, S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26761-1.00006-5
Additional file 1 of Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Performance: An Umbrella Review
Kons, R. L., Orssatto, L. B. R., Dias, J. A., De Pauw, K., MEEUSEN, R. R., Trajano, G. S., Dal Pupo, J., & Detanico, D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26560490
Farhangi, M. A., Fathi Azar, E., Manzouri, A., Rashnoo, F., & Shakarami, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24070170
Eshaghian, A., Moghaddam, M. G., & Fathi, M. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01609-1
“Acute caffeine consumption at doses of 3–6 mg/kg enhances various performance-related factors, such as strength, muscle endurance, lifting velocity, and power [2, 3].”
Ruiz-López, A., Montalvo‐Alonso, J. J., Martín-Rivas, I., del Val‐Manzano, M., Ferragut, C., Valadés, D., Barrios-Egea, M., Encabo, P. G., & Pérez‐López, A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18020284
“This finding is partially consistent with research indicating that caffeine can enhance maximal voluntary contraction force [13,19].”
InfluentialRamezanzadeh, M., Arazi, H., & Saidie, P. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01660-6
Antioxidant potential of toraja robusta coffee extracts as a health supplement candidate
Al-Ghifari, A. W. F. (2026) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202621702004
Petrosyan, T. (2026) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2025-0698
García-Chaves, D. C., Zapata, J. P. F., Álvarez, T. O., Escobar, N. O., Mazo, A. V., & Corredor-Serrano, L. F. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14030123 · Cited by 1
Karayiğit, R., Mitat, K. O. Z., Goodall, S., & Esen, Ö. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9178733/v1
Alves, J., Correia‐Oliveira, C. R., Farias, M. C. D. O., & Lopes‐Silva, J. P. (2026) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-026-00441-y
“…that low-to-moderate doses of anhydrous caffeine (1–6 mg·kg⁻¹ of body mass - BM), consumed ~ 60 min before exercise, can enhance a wide range of exercise modalities (e.g., muscular endurance and strength, anaerobic power, and aerobic endurance), the “optimal” caffeine dose remains uncertain [14].”
Hagele, A. M., Sunderland, K. L., Mumford, P. W., & Kerksick, C. M. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18091463 · Cited by 1
de Brito, C. L., Leal, T. C., Silva, M. A. C., Junqueira, N. D., Rodrigues, A., Ferreira, J. M., Malechesk, G. F., Filho, L. F. P. D. S., Noal, B., Ferreira, R. E. S., et al. (2026) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-026-00474-3
“…these mechanisms support the role of caffeine as an ergo - genic aid capable of enhancing performance across both endurance and resistance exercise modalities, with consis - tent evidence demonstrating small but significant improve - ments in muscular strength and endurance outcomes [9 – 13 ].”
Varović, D., & Grgić, J. (2026) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005530
de Oliveira, N. M., Marinho, A. H., Spineli, H., Bastos‐Silva, V. J., Silva‐Cavalcante, M. D., Ataide‐Silva, T., Júnior, P. B., Prado, E. S., Sousa, F. A. D. B., & de Araújo, G. G. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01687-9
“This popularity is supported by extensive scientific evidence demonstrating efficacy across a broad range of exercise modalities [15, 16].”
Li, H., Peng, Y., Liu, B., Ding, L., Xu, K., Lei, T., Gong, B., & Cao, Y. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18121868
“CAF acts mainly through antagonism of adenosine receptors, thereby affecting central and peripheral physiological systems [13].”
Delleli, S., Díaz‐Lara, J., & Chtourou, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1865993
Saborosa, G. P., Leite, L. B., Forte, P. M., Coelho, B. D. C., Peixoto, R., Malheiro, A., Afonso, P., Kravchychyn, A. C. P., da Silva, C. C. D. R., Veneroso, C. E., et al. (2026) · Physiologia · doi:10.3390/physiologia6020044
“It acts as a psychoactive substance capable of inducing changes in psychological functions, in addition to exerting an ergogenic effect on physical performance [2,3].”
Khaliq, F., Hussain, S. A., & Kiyani, M. M. (2026) · The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.55735/0nqqr461
Eidiyan-Kakhki, M. M., Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Willems, M. E. T., Clemente, F. M., رجبی, ح., Amani-Shalamzari, S., Motamedi, P., Salehpour, M., & Samadi, H. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01813-7
“Historically, the body of literature, including comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses, has primarily focused on the isolated effects of single ergogenic aids [4, 16, 24, 25].”
Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Lu, Z., Meng, F., Du, W., Chen, A., Wu, B., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Lai, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1880118
“Since its removal from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances, while remaining under the WADA Monitoring Program, caffeine has been widely investigated and is considered to have ergogenic potential, contributing to its widespread use across various sports (17, 20–23).”
Li, H., Chen, M., Zhuang, M., Deng, H., Wang, H., & Li, H. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18152429
“…more stable intermittent-output indicators; this differs from broader strength meta-analyses that drew mainly on male or mixed-sex samples and more diverse tests, and in female team-sport athletes strength outcomes remain too sparsely and heterogeneously measured for a firm conclusion [51,52,55].”
Mizera, K. M., Mazurek, D., Martínez‐Rodríguez, A., & Kęska, A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18162588
“Caffeine-related effects on alertness and central nervous system activation [24], taurine-related effects on neuromuscular function and fatigue-related pathways [33], and phosphatidylserine-related effects on cognitive function and stress regulation [17] are biologically plausible.”
Dai, X., Liu, M., Liu, S., Tang, J., Yu, L., Liu, C., Yu, J., Li, X., Chou, T., & Liu, C. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18172823
“Broad reviews support acute ergogenic effects of CAF across multiple exercise domains [11,12].”
Chmiel, J., & Kładna, A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18172898
Chong, Y., Wei, M., Tu, J., Li, Z., Li, M., & Zhong, Y. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2728354
“Caffeine has been shown to improve movement stability and sustained control performance by enhancing alertness and the consistency of motor control [13,14].”
InfluentialMiraftabi, H., Berjisian, E., Pickering, C., López‐Samanes, Á., & Girard, O. (2026) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-026-01104-y
“Broader meta-analytic evidence suggests that caffeine exerts greater ergogenic effects in endurance than strength-based tasks [77].”
Self-citationAcute caffeine strategies for improving performance in combat sports: a structured narrative review
Fan, J., Li, Y., Dongchen, L., Li, H., & Zhang, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1877799
“A meta-analysis found favorable effects of caffeine on aerobic endurance, muscular strength and endurance, explosive power, jumping performance, and movement speed (Grgic et al., 2020).”
Mănescu, D. C., Casals, C., Piotrowska, A., de Carvalho, T. S., Petcu, C., Băltarețu, C., Bidiugan, R., Dragomir, A., Amzulescu, O., Bidiugan, S., et al. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18203337
“Caffeine can disturb sleep and provoke anxiety in susceptible athletes, especially when dose and time of day are poorly matched; attenuation with habitual use is inconsistent and should be measured rather than assumed [6,52].”
Senani, F. G., Nemati, J., Niknam, A., & Jahromi, M. K. (2026) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2026.2733283
Hoch die Tassen!? – hilft Koffein beim Lernen?
Friederichs, H. (2026) · doi:10.59350/h3v4v-0hw97
Hoch die Tassen!? – hilft Koffein beim Lernen?
Friederichs, H. (2026) · doi:10.59350/trjy4-v4s30
Chen, X., Tu, W., & Wang, J. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18193171
“Caffeine primarily antagonizes adenosine A 1 and A 2 A receptors in the central nervous system, potentially influencing perceived exertion, pain, central drive, and neuromuscular function [3,5,6].”
Richen, S., Su, M., Xu, X., Wang, N., Li, Z., Sun, X., Lin, W., & Wang, H. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2740221
“Considered alongside the existing review evidence for caffeine, the current finding supports further investigation of the formulation’s practical value [157,158].”
Bruno, J., Montoro-Bombú, R., Thapa, R. K., & Sarmento, H. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02538-w
Abdulhassan, B. M. (2026) · RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPORT AND HEALTH · doi:10.2478/rpesh-2026-0009
Tuerhongjiang, M., Yan, Z., Wang, H., Zeng, Z., & Liu, R. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2743368
“At doses commonly used in sport, caffeine primarily acts as an adenosine-receptor antagonist, which may reduce adenosine-mediated inhibition and influence arousal, perceived effort, voluntary activation, and neuromuscular performance [7–10].”
FERREIRA, F. D. P. V., Ferreira, M. H. L., de Melo, M. S., da Silva, R. Â. D., & Drummond, M. D. M. (2026) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-026-00548-2
“It has since been widely used, with minor adaptations, in several athletic populations [ 45 , 46].”
Santos, N. D. S., Fabro, I. F., dos Santos, B. C., Pereira, D. M. R., & Aguiar, A. S. (2026) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.6c00417
Yan, X., Li, J., & Wang, T. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06151-w
Benecka, A., Kaczmarek, K., Zawada, W., Leszczyńska, Z. J., Romaniuk, V., Szuleta, U., Pietrończyk, J., Benecka, A., Wieczorek, Z., Tartas, I., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(52).2026.6674
Placebo effects of caffeine on sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hurst, P., Hanssen, J., Marticorena, F. M., Schiphof‐Godart, L., de Souza, H. L. R., Marocolo, M., & Saunders, B. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2747142
“In an umbrella review of 21 meta-analyses [18], caffeine benefited sport performance outcomes, with pooled effect estimates (Cohen's d ) ranging from 0.16 to 0.63.”
InfluentialHe, B., Zhou, C., Zeng, Z., Dong, X., Huang, D., Shi, H., Li, H., Gao, K., Xie, Y., Zhou, A., et al. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18203434
“Experimental and applied studies have generally reported beneficial effects on endurance capacity, perceived exertion, reaction time, and power output, although the magnitude of these effects is not entirely consistent across populations and protocols [3,4].”
Główka, N., Podgórski, T., Malik, J., Nowaczyk, P. M., & Durkalec‐Michalski, K. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2740805
“Based on the umbrella review by Grgic et al. [26], a moderate effect size (f(U) = 0.38) was assumed for a repeated-measures ANOVA (within-subject factors).”
InfluentialSilva, R., Silva, A.-G., Paiva, T., Silva, H.-H., & Gomes, L. R. (2026) · Dietetics · doi:10.3390/dietetics5050065
Metadata
- Authors
- Grgic, J., Grgic, I., Pickering, C., Schoenfeld, B. J., Bishop, D. J., & Pedisic, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- Lehman College (US)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-03-29
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 681-688
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- OpenAlex
- W2930495386
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 27
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- caffeine supplementation, exercise performance, ergogenic aids, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, muscular endurance, anaerobic power, jump performance, exercise speed, prediction intervals, quality of evidence
- MeSH terms
- Caffeine, Coffee, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance, Performance-Enhancing Substances
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
