The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blood nicotine concentrations in smokers.
Open accessAbstract
Blood nicotine and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentrations were studied in 330 smokers (206 women and 124 men). Blood nicotine concentrations in individual smokers varied from 25 to 444 nmol/l (4 to 72 ng/ml). The average concentration, 203 nmol/l (33 ng/ml), was the same in the men and the women, although cigarette consumption was higher in the men. Despite large differences in nicotine yield, there was no relation between blood nicotine concentration and the type of cigarette smoked: smokers of plain, untipped cigarettes (1.9 mg nicotine), cigarettes with unventilated filters (1.3 mg nicotine), and cigarettes with ventilated filters (0.8 mg nicotine) had similar blood nicotine concentrations. Cigarette consumption was also similar in these three groups. The correlation between blood nicotine concentration and nicotine yield of cigarette, though significant, was low (0.21, p < 0.001), showing that the nicotine yield of the cigarettes accounted for only 4.4% of the variation in blood nicotine concentrations. Similarly, the low correlation of 0.30 between COHb concentration and cigarette consumption suggests that cigarette consumption accounted for only 9% of the variation in the amount of smoke taken into the smokers' lungs. These results suggest that the assumed health advantage of switching to lower-tar and lower-nicotine cigarettes may be largely offset by the tendency of smokers to compensate by increasing inhalation. The findings of epidemiological studies showing lower risks with filter-tipped cigarettes may be attributable to other factors such as biases in the samples and changes in the quality and carcinogenicity of tobacco tar, rather than to reduced tar intake.
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“These levels are comparable with those observed in human smokers (4 to 72 ng/ml) that smoke about a pack of cigarettes a day (31).”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure transiently increases high-affinity nicotinic receptors and modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat medial prefrontal cortex (2012) · cites this paper as [31]
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“First, we showed that subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) lead to plasma nicotine levels that are comparable with those observed in human smokers (31).”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure transiently increases high-affinity nicotinic receptors and modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat medial prefrontal cortex (2012) · cites this paper as [31]
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Citations
Cites
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Changes in Bronchial Epithelium in Relation to Cigarette Smoking, 1955–1960 vs. 1970–1977
Auerbach, O., Hammond, E., & Garfinkel, L. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197902223000801 · Cited by 262
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Cigarette Smoking: A Dependence on High-Nicotine Boli
Russell, M. A. H., & Feyerabend, C. (1978) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.3109/03602537808993776 · Cited by 253
Self-citationSmoking behaviour: Physiological and psychological influences
Thornton, R. E. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 211
Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking.
Russell, M. A. (1976) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6023.1430 · Cited by 193
Self-citationPlasma nicotine levels after smoking cigarettes with high, medium, and low nicotine yields.
Russell, M. A., Wilson, C. M., Patel, U. A., Feyerabend, C., & Cole, P. V. (1975) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5968.414 · Cited by 192
Self-citation
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- Gori GB, Lynch CJ. Towards less hazardous cigarettes. J3AMA 1978; 240:1255-9. 3World Health Organisat;on. Controlling the smoking epidemic. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1979;636.
- Creighton DE, Lewis PH. The effect of different cigarettes on human smoking patterns. In: Thornton RE, ed. Smoking behaviour: physiological andpsychological influences. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1978: 289-300.
- Rawbone RG, Murphy K, Tate ME, Kane SJ. The analysis of smoking parameters, inhalation and absorption of tobacco smoke in studies of human smoking behaviour. In: Thornton RE, ed. Smoking behaviour: physiological and psychological influences. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1978:171-94.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metabolism and Disposition Kinetics of Nicotine
Hukkanen, J., Jacob, P., & Benowitz, N. L. (2005) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.57.1.3 · Cited by 1,583
The Theory of Risk Homeostasis: Implications for Safety and Health
Wilde, G. J. S. (1982) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1982.tb01384.x · Cited by 1,179
Pharmacologic Aspects of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Addiction
Oates, J. A., Wood, A. J. J., & Benowitz, N. L. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811173192005 · Cited by 969
West, K. A., Brognard, J., Clark, A. S., Linnoila, I. R., Yang, X., Swain, S. M., Harris, C. C., Belinsky, S. A., & Dennis, P. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci16147 · Cited by 577
Smokers of Low-Yield Cigarettes Do Not Consume Less Nicotine
Benowttz, N. L., Hall, S. M., Herning, R. I., Jacob, P., Jones, R. T., & Osman, A.-L. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198307213090303 · Cited by 442
Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, M. A., Jarvis, M., Iyer, R., & Feyerabend, C.
- Affiliations
- Maudsley Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1980-04-05
- Volume
- 280
- Issue
- 6219
- Pages
- 972-976
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2013217130
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 22.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- nicotine yield, carboxyhemoglobin, cigarette smoking, cigarette filters, cigarette consumption, tobacco tar, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Carboxyhemoglobin, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine, Plants, Toxic, Sex Factors, Smoking, Tars, Nicotiana
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