Statistics and ethics in medical research: III How large a sample?

The Importance of Beta, the Type II Error and Sample Size in the Design and Interpretation of the Randomized Control Trial: Survey of 71 Negative Trials

Freiman, J. A., Chalmers, T. C., Smith, H., & Kuebler, R. R. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197809282991304 · Cited by 1,628

An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials being undertaken in the United Kingdom registered in the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network database

Billingham, S. A., Whitehead, A. L., & Julious, S. A. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-104 · Cited by 962

Publication bias—a problem in interpreting medical data

Begg, C. B., & Berlin, J. A. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982993 · Cited by 814

Sample sizes for clinical trials with normal data.

Julious, S. A. (2004) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1783 · Cited by 605

Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Their Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials

Moher, D. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020048013 · Cited by 608

A reinvestigation of recruitment to randomised, controlled, multicenter trials: a review of trials funded by two UK funding agencies

Sully, B. G. O., Julious, S. A., & Nicholl, J. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-166 · Cited by 410

Factors that limit the quality, number and progress of randomised controlled trials

Prescott, Counsell, Gillespie, Grant, Russell, Kiauka, Colthart, Ross, Shepherd, & Russell (1999) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta3200 · Cited by 390

Reporting of sample size calculation in randomised controlled trials: review

Charles, P., Giraudeau, B., Dechartres, A., Baron, G., & Ravaud, P. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1732 · Cited by 274

Positional Treatment vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients With Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Jokic, R., Klimaszewski, A., Crossley, M., Sridhar, G., & Fitzpatrick, M. F. (1999) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.115.3.771 · Cited by 250

The Effect of Acute Psychologic Stress on Systemic and Rectal Mucosal Measures of Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis

Mawdsley, J. E., Macey, M. G., Feakins, R. M., Langmead, L., & Rampton, D. S. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.017 · Cited by 143

The reproducibility and sensitivity of the 6-min walk test in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

Ingle, L., Shelton, R. J., Rigby, A. S., Nabb, S., Clark, A. L., & Cleland, J. G. F. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi259 · Cited by 126

Structured abstracts: Do they improve the quality of information in abstracts?

Sharma, S., & Harrison, J. E. (2006) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.023 · Cited by 86

Impact of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endothelial Function in Subjects with and without Coronary Artery Disease

Shechter, M., Shalmon, G., Scheinowitz, M., Koren-Morag, N., Feinberg, M. S., Harats, D., Sela, B. A., Sharabi, Y., & Chouraqui, P. (2011) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.12.035 · Cited by 74

Sample size determinations in original research protocols for randomised clinical trials submitted to UK research ethics committees: review

Clark, T., Berger, U., & Mansmann, U. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f1135 · Cited by 68

Continuous positive airway pressure titration for obstructive sleep apnoea: automatic versus manual titration

McArdle, N., Singh, B., Murphy, M., Gain, K. R., Maguire, C., Mutch, S., & Hillman, D. R. (2010) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2009.116756 · Cited by 43

Statistical methods in epidemiology. II: A commonsense approach to sample size estimation

Rigby, A. S., & Vail, A. (1998) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638289809166102 · Cited by 38

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Alone vs. Combined Clinic and Ambulatory Measurements in Following Treatment-Induced Changes in Blood Pressure and Organ Damage

Stergiou, G. S., Karpettas, N., Destounis, A., Tzamouranis, D., Nasothimiou, E., Kollias, A., Roussias, L., & Moyssakis, I. (2014) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpt206 · Cited by 37

An Evaluation of Self-Measured Blood Pressure in a Study With a Calcium-Channel Antagonist Versus a -Blocker

Mengden, T., Binswanger, B., Weisser, B., & Vetter, W. (1992) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/5.3.154 · Cited by 34

Underpowered studies

Lilford, R., & Stevens, A. J. (2002) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.01989.x · Cited by 31

Reproducibility of Office and Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurements in Children: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research

Stergiou, G. S., Bountzona, I., Alamara, C., Vazeou, A., Kollias, A., & Ntineri, A. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16531 · Cited by 31

Treatment of Cognitive Deficits in Genetic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials of Diet and Drug Treatments

van der Vaart, T., Overwater, I. E., Oostenbrink, R., Moll, H. A., & Elgersma, Y. (2015) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0443 · Cited by 17

Up Front and Open? Shrouded in Secrecy? Or Somewhere in Between? A Meta-Research Systematic Review of Open Science Practices in Sport Medicine Research

Bullock, G. S., Ward, P., Impellizzeri, F. M., Kluzek, S., Hughes, T., Hillman, C., Waterman, B. R., Danelson, K., Henry, K., Barr, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12016 · Cited by 15

Home (Self) Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Clinical Trials

Stergiou, G. S., & Ntineri, A. (2016) · Blood Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22771-9_19 · Cited by 7