Benzodiazepine withdrawal: an unfinished story.
Open accessAbstract
was the most important call of my life; I was on the verge of madness and could they help ?"That was nine weeks ago and during that time I have not touched a tablet.This brought on a series of symptoms that I had experienced only mildly before.Noises jarred every fibre in my body and my eyes seemed to shun the light of day.I shook from head to foot and enormous panic attacks would sweep through my body, leaving me exhausted and totally afraid.Complete fatigue took over the feeling of tiredness and sleep no longer came with the night.Many times I thought it would be best to die."I am lucky to have found somewhere where sufferers can be encouraged and supported through withdrawal.I have found many new friends, who, like me, were caught up in the web of addiction.Also I have the good fortune to have a very caring and warm doctor to help me through this withdrawal.It has not been easy-it has been one of the hardest jobs of my life and it is not finished yet.In the early days I began to think I had gone mad, but gradually a new world is emerging.A world that is not covered over with pills.It can be a very frightening place until my mind becomes adjusted to its colours, noises, and pictures once more."Someone once wrote 'Tranquillisers are the anaesthetics of the emotions'; this is true.When used properly, they are a 'must' in medicine, but used over the long term they poison the body and destroy the mind.One day doctors will realise the extent of tranquilliser withdrawal syndrome but until then it is going to be a hard battle, but in the end, we sincerely hope, worth it."
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The new symptoms in Ashton's case series included perceptual distortion, depersonalization, and paresthesia.
“These symptoms included perceptual distortion, depersonalization, and paresthesia.”
From Long-term neurological consequences following benzodiazepine exposure: A scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
The first report of enduring neurological dysfunction associated with benzodiazepine use was published in 1984 by Heather Ashton.
“To the best of our knowledge, the first report of enduring neurological dysfunction associated with benzodiazepine use was published in 1984 by Heather Ashton [16].”
From Long-term neurological consequences following benzodiazepine exposure: A scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Ashton's 1984 case series reported that all 12 patients developed new symptoms after benzodiazepine cessation that lasted at least six months after drug discontinuation.
“This detailed case series reported that all 12 patients developed new symptoms after benzodiazepine cessation that lasted at least six months after drug discontinuation [16].”
From Long-term neurological consequences following benzodiazepine exposure: A scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment
Petursson, H., & Lader, M. H. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.283.6292.643 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines for the Rational Use of Benzodiazepines: When and What to Use
Ashton, H. (1994) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199448010-00004 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in an animal model of anxiety
Bodnoff, S., Suranyi-Cadotte, B., Aitken, D., Quirion, R., & Meaney, M. (1988) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00181937 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Long-term Therapeutic Use of Benzodiazepines: II. Effects of Gradual Taper
Schweizer, E. (1990) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810220024003 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom questionnaire
Tyrer, P., Murphy, S., & Riley, P. (1990) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(90)90009-w · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Protracted withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines
Ashton, H. (1991) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(91)90023-4 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationBenzodiazepine withdrawal: outcome in 50 patients
ASHTON, H. (1987) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01529.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationThe treatment of benzodiazepine dependence
ASHTON, H. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03755.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationMurphy, S. M., & Tyrer, P. (1991) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.158.4.511 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lack of cognitive recovery following withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use
Tata, P. R., Rollings, J., Collins, M., Pickering, A., & Jacobson, R. R. (1994) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700026969 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Gerra, G., Zaimovic, A., Giusti, F., Moi, G., & Brewer, C. (2002) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1080/1355621021000005973 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W., Simpson, R. J., & Mitchell, M. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6477.1246 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cantopher, T., Olivieri, S., Cleave, N., & Edwards, J. G. (1990) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.156.3.406 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ashton, C. H., Rawlins, M. D., & Tyrer, S. P. (1990) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.157.2.232 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Benzodiazepine tapering: A prospective study
Vikander, B., Koechling, U. M., Borg, S., Tönne, U., & Hiltunen, A. J. (2010) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039481003624173 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A pilot study of the effects of flumazenil on symptoms persisting after benzodiazepine withdrawal
Lader, M. H., & Morton, S. V. (1992) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119200600303 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The misuse of benzodiazepines among adolescents: Psychosocial risk factors in a national sample
Rigg, K. K., & Ford, J. A. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.026 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Withdrawal symptoms from phenytoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate.
Duncan, J. S., Shorvon, S. D., & Trimble, M. R. (1988) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.7.924 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Factors Predicting Long-Term Outcome after Chronic Benzodiazepine Therapy
Holton, A., Riley, P., & Tyrer, P. (1992) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(92)90109-j · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Clinical management of withdrawal from benzodiazepine anxiolytic and hypnotic medications
Baldwin, D. S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15695 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: Effects of flumazenil
Saxon, L., Borg, S., & Hiltunen, A. J. (2010) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.04.023 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Why benzodiazepines are not going away: Commentary on… Benzodiazepines for Anxiety Disorders
Tyrer, P. (2012) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.111.009209 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: Clinical Aspects
Wright, S. L. (2020) · The Benzodiazepines Crisis · doi:10.1093/med/9780197517277.003.0008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Long-term neurological consequences following benzodiazepine exposure: A scoping review
Shade, K. N., Ritvo, A. D., Silvernail, B., Finlayson, A. J. R., Bressi, J. E., Foster, D. E., Martin, I. J., Piper, C., & Martin, P. R. (2025) · PLOS One · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330277 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“This detailed case series reported that all 12 patients developed new symptoms after benzodiazepine cessation that lasted at least six months after drug discontinuation [16]. and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.”
O'Connor, K., Bélanger, L., Aardema, F., Pérodeau, G., & Harel, F. (2012) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2010.513755 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ashton, H.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ashton, H
- ORCID
- Ashton, H
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1984-04-14
- Volume
- 288
- Issue
- 6424
- Pages
- 1135-1140
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2080072810
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 23.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Keywords
- benzodiazepine withdrawal, benzodiazepine dependence, withdrawal syndrome, long-term benzodiazepine use, patient experience
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Agoraphobia, Benzodiazepines, Central Nervous System Diseases, Depression, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Time Factors, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review