The Read clinical classification.
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The NHS has acquired a coding system designed for the computer age
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Although it has been suggested that second-generation antipsychotics reduce mortality overall, polypharmacy and higher drug dosages may increase it.
“Although it has been suggested that second-generation antipsychotics reduce mortality overall,6 polypharmacy and higher drug dosages may increase it.60”
From Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014 (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
Citation 60 is attached to the claim that polypharmacy and higher drug dosages may increase mortality. The paper’s opening passage (page not provided) describes the Read clinical coding system, and searches for antipsychotics, polypharmacy, dosage, and mortality found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Cites
Adverse Reactions in Ten Years' General Practice, Computer Analysed
Johnson, R. A. (1986) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107688607900306 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Computer analysis of the complete medical record, including symptoms and treatment.
Johnson, R. A. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Data Resource Profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)
Herrett, E., Gallagher, A. M., Bhaskaran, K., Forbes, H., Mathur, R., van Staa, T., & Smeeth, L. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv098 · Cited by 2,667 · see citing works
“Data are largely recorded by general practice staff using version 2 Read codes, a hierarchical clinical classification system containing over 96, 000 codes.(15) For example, during a consultation, a GP, nurse, other healthcare professional, practice manager or administrator may enter a number of Read codes to describe…”
MethodConrad, N., Misra, S., Verbakel, J. Y., Verbeke, G., Molenberghs, G., Taylor, P. N., Mason, J., Sattar, N., McMurray, J. J. V., McInnes, I. B., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00457-9 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson’s disease in primary care: A case-control study
Schrag, A., Horsfall, L., Walters, K., Noyce, A., & Petersen, I. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70287-x · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Ogdie, A., Yu, Y., Haynes, K., Love, T. J., Maliha, S., Jiang, Y., Troxel, A. B., Hennessy, S., Kimmel, S. E., Margolis, D. J., et al. (2015) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205675 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014
Hayes, J. F., Marston, L., Walters, K., King, M. B., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.202606 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Ballard, K., Seaman, H., De Vries, C., & Wright, J. (2008) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01878.x · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Blumenthal, K. G., Lu, N., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Walensky, R. P., & Choi, H. K. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k2400 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Prevalence of long-term oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK over the past 20 years
Fardet, L., Petersen, I., & Nazareth, I. (2011) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ker017 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Fardet, L., Petersen, I., & Nazareth, I. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11071009 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Demmler, J. C., Atkinson, M. D., Reinhold, E. J., Choy, E., Lyons, R. A., & Brophy, S. T. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031365 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Boursi, B., Finkelman, B., Giantonio, B. J., Haynes, K., Rustgi, A. K., Rhim, A. D., Mamtani, R., & Yang, Y.-X. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.046 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Davé, S., Petersen, I., Sherr, L., & Nazareth, I. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.184 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Woodfield, R., Grant, I., UK Biobank Stroke Outcomes Group, UK Biobank Follow-Up and Outcomes Working Group, & Sudlow, C. L. M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140533 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Trends in dementia diagnosis rates in UK ethnic groups: Analysis of UK primary care data
Pham, T. M., Petersen, I., Walters, K., Raine, R., Manthorpe, J., Mukadam, N., & Cooper, C. (2018) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s152647 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Yang, Y., Hennessy, S., Propert, K., Hwang, W., Sedarat, A., & Lewis, J. D. (2007) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.022 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Hayes, J. F., Pitman, A., Marston, L., Walters, K., Geddes, J. R., King, M., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0432 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hayes, J. F., Marston, L., Walters, K., Geddes, J. R., King, M., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20298 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Recording of Severe Mental Illness in United Kingdom Primary Care, 2000–2010
Hardoon, S., Hayes, J. F., Blackburn, R., Petersen, I., Walters, K., Nazareth, I., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082365 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Richardson, K., Loke, Y. K., Fox, C., Maidment, I., Howard, R., Steel, N., Arthur, A., Boyd, P. J., Aldus, C., Ballard, C., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01821-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Incidence of Bladder Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas
Mamtani, R., Pfanzelter, N., Haynes, K., Finkelman, B. S., Wang, X., Keefe, S. M., Haas, N. B., Vaughn, D. J., & Lewis, J. D. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1489 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Claxton, A. J., Li, Z., & McKendrick, J. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.2.163 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Description des prescriptions de corticothérapies orales en population générale
Fardet, L., Petersen, I., & Nazareth, I. (2011) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2011.02.022 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Murphy, D., Glaser, K., Hayward, H., Eklund, H., Cadman, T., Findon, J., Woodhouse, E., Ashwood, K., Beecham, J., Bolton, P., et al. (2018) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar06020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Diagnoses, symptoms and referrals are coded using Read Clinical Terms, a comprehensive hierarchical system.(306) The database has been previously used to study trends in disease incidence and prescribing patterns in paediatric and adult populations.”
MethodDiscontinuation of antidepressant therapy among patients with major depressive disorder
Davé, S., Classi, P., Kim Le, T., Maguire, A., & Ball, S. (2012) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2012.24038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chisholm, J.
- Corresponding author
- Chisholm, J
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1990-04-28
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 6732
- Pages
- 1092-1092
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2033945449
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation
- Keywords
- read classification, medical coding, National Health Service, electronic health records, clinical classification systems
- MeSH terms
- Disease, United Kingdom, Humans, Information Systems, State Medicine
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