Trends in dementia diagnosis rates in UK ethnic groups: Analysis of UK primary care data

Pham, Tra My; Petersen, Irene; Walters, Kate; Raine, Rosalind; Manthorpe, Jill; Mukadam, Naaheed; Cooper, Claudia

doi:10.2147/clep.s152647

Cited by 142Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchMental Health Treatment and AccessHealth disparities and outcomes

Trends in dementia diagnosis rates in UK ethnic groups: Analysis of UK primary care data

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Pham, Tra My, Petersen, Irene, Walters, Kate, Raine, Rosalind, Manthorpe, Jill, Mukadam, Naaheed, Cooper, Claudia·2018·Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.2147/clep.s152647PMC PMC6087031

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We compared incidence of dementia diagnosis by white, black, and Asian ethnic groups and estimated the proportion of UK white and black people developing dementia in 2015 who had a diagnosis for the first time in a UK-wide study. METHODS: We analyzed primary care electronic health records from The Health Improvement Network database between 2007 and 2015 and compared incidence of dementia diagnosis to dementia incidence from community cohort studies. The study sample comprised of 2,511,681 individuals aged 50-105 years who did not have a dementia diagnosis prior to the start of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 66,083 individuals had a dementia diagnosis (4.87/1,000 person-years at risk, 95% CI 4.83-4.90); this incidence increased from 3.75 to 5.65/1,000 person-years at risk between 2007 and 2015. Compared with white women, the incidence of dementia diagnosis was 18% lower among Asian women (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.95) and 25% higher among black women (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.46). For men, incidence of dementia diagnosis was 28% higher in the black ethnic group (IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.50) and 12% lower in the Asian ethnic group (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76-1.01) relative to the white ethnic group. Based on diagnosis incidence in The Health Improvement Network data and projections of incidence from community cohort studies, we estimated that 42% of black men developing dementia in 2015 were diagnosed compared with 53% of white men. CONCLUSION: People from the black ethnic group had a higher incidence of dementia diagnosis and those from the Asian ethnic group had lower incidence compared with the white ethnic group. We estimated that black men developing dementia were less likely than white men to have a diagnosis of dementia, indicating that the increased risk of dementia diagnosis reported in the black ethnic group might underestimate the higher risk of dementia in this group. It is unclear whether the lower incidence of dementia diagnosis in the Asian ethnic group reflects lower community incidence or underdiagnosis. A cohort study to determine this is needed.

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Greater prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed dementia exists among some minority ethnic groups.
“Evidence points to greater prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed dementia among some minority ethnic groups [67], and in areas of greatest deprivation [68].”
From The Impact of demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors on mortality risk among people living with dementia in England (2002–2016) (2021) · cites this paper as [67]

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Authors: Pham, T. M., Petersen, I., Walters, K., Raine, R., Manthorpe, J., Mukadam, N., & Cooper, C.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Cooper, Claudia
ORCID: Pham, Tra My
Petersen, Irene
Walters, Kate
Raine, Rosalind
Manthorpe, Jill
Mukadam, Naaheed
Cooper, Claudia
Venue: Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-08
Volume: Volume 10
Pages: 949-960
ISSN: 1179-1349 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2147/clep.s152647
PMC: PMC6087031
OpenAlex: W2887743981
Cited by: 142
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 5
FWCI: 7.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0616-10001)
Dunhill Medical Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: dementia, dementia incidence, ethnic disparities, Black ethnic groups, Asian ethnic groups, underdiagnosis, primary care, incidence trends, sex differences, Health Improvement Network, ethnic minority health, Black Africans, South Asians

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Trends in dementia diagnosis rates in UK ethnic groups: Analysis of UK primary care data

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