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Cognitive behavioural therapy for medically unexplained physical symptoms: a randomised controlled trial

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Speckens, Anne E M, van Hemert, Albert M, Spinhoven, Philip, Hawton, Keith E, Bolk, Jan H, Rooijmans, Harry G M·1995·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1328PMC PMC2551242

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the additional effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms in comparison with optimised medical care. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial with follow up assessments six and 12 months after the baseline evaluation. SETTING: General medical outpatient clinic in a university hospital. SUBJECTS: An intervention group of 39 patients and a control group of 40 patients. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention group received between six and 16 sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy. Therapeutic techniques used included identification and modification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts and behavioural experiments aimed at breaking the vicious cycles of the symptoms and their consequences. The control group received optimised medical care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of change, frequency and intensity of the presenting symptoms, psychological distress, functional impairment, hypochondriacal beliefs and attitudes, and (at 12 months of follow up) number of visits to the general practitioner. RESULTS: At six months of follow up the intervention group reported a higher recovery rate (odds ratio 0.40; 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 1.00), a lower mean intensity of the physical symptoms (difference -1.2; -2.0 to -0.3), and less impairment of sleep (odds ratio 0.38; 0.15 to 0.94) than the controls. After adjustment for coincidental baseline differences the intervention and control groups also differed with regard to frequency of the symptoms (0.32; 0.13 to 0.77), limitations in social (0.35; 0.14 to 0.85) and leisure (0.36; 0.14 to 0.93) activities, and illness behaviour (difference -2.5; -4.6 to -0.5). At 12 months of follow up the differences between the groups were largely maintained. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioural therapy seems to be a feasible and effective treatment in general medical patients with unexplained physical symptoms.

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Retracted
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Controlled Trials
Menon, V., Rajan, T. M., Kuppili, P. P., & Sarkar, S. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_17_17 · Cited by 40

Authors: Speckens, A. E. M., van Hemert, A. M., Spinhoven, P., Hawton, K. E., Bolk, J. H., & Rooijmans, H. G. M.
Affiliations: Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Warneford Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Speckens, Anne E M
Spinhoven, Philip
Hawton, Keith E
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1995-11-18
Volume: 311
Issue: 7016
Pages: 1328-1332
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1328
PMC: PMC2551242
OpenAlex: W2065862867
Cited by: 330
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 15.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy, medically unexplained physical symptoms, somatic symptoms, health anxiety, behavioural experiments, psychological distress, functional disability, sleep disorders, general practitioner visits, illness behavior
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Chronic Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Somatoform Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

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Cognitive behavioural therapy for medically unexplained physical symptoms: a randomised controlled trial

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