The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deeks, J. J., Altman, D. G., & Bradburn, M. J. (2001) · Systematic Reviews in Health Care · doi:10.1002/9780470693926.ch15 · Cited by 2,163
Self-citationEmpirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests.
Lijmer, J. G. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1061 · Cited by 1,861
Statistic Notes: Regression towards the mean
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6942.1499 · Cited by 547
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- 10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00008 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00099-C · DOI · Paper page
- Cochrane Methods Group on Systematic Review of Screening and Diagnostic Tests .Recommended methods [updated 6 Jun 1996]. (accessed 27 March 2001).
- Vamvakas, 1998, Meta-analyses of studies of diagnostic accuracy of laboratory tests: a review of concepts and methods., Arch Pathol Lab Med, 122, 675
- Deeks JJ .Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests. In: Egger M Davey Smith G Altman DG eds.Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books, 2001. · DOI
- 10.1016/S0950-3552(96)80008-3 · DOI
- 10.1001/jama.1994.03510330081039 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/jama.1994.03510280051032 · DOI · Paper page
- Mulrow, 1989, Assessing the quality of a diagnostic test evaluation., J Gen Intern Med, 4, 288, 10.1007/BF02597398 · DOI
- 10.1001/jama.1995.03530080061042 · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530080061042
- 10.1001/jama.280.17.1510 · DOI · Paper page
- Devillé W Yzermans N Bouter LM Bezemer PD van der Windt DAWM .Heterogeneity in systematic reviews of diagnostic studies. In:Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on systematic reviews: beyond the basics.Oxford,1999. Abstract available at on (accessed 27 March 2001). · DOI · Paper page
- Ingelfinger JA Mosteller F Thibodeau LA Ware JH .Biostatistics in clinical medicine 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994:26–50.
- Shapiro, 1995, Issues in combining independent estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test., Acad Radiol, 2, 37
- 10.1002/sim.4780121403 · DOI · Paper page
- Kardaun, 1990, Comparative diagnostic performance of three radiological procedures for the detection of lumbar disk herniation., Meth Info Med, 29, 12, 10.1055/s-0038-1634759 · DOI
- 10.1177/0272989X9301300408 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1515/CCLM.2000.084 · DOI
- 10.1023/A:1008359805260 · DOI
- Guyatt, 1986, A framework for clinical evaluation of diagnostic technologies., Can Med Assoc J, 134, 587
Cited by
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Metadata
- Authors
- Deeks, J. J.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-07-21
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 7305
- Pages
- 157.1-162
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2093579014
- Cited by
- 1,340
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.157
- The paper
- Deeks, J. J. (2001). Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.157
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.