The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in the management of premenstrual syndrome. Design: Systematic review of published randomised, placebo controlled trials. Studies reviewed: 10 trials of progesterone therapy (531 women) and four trials of progestogen therapy (378 women). Main outcome measures: Proportion of women whose symptoms showed improvement with progesterone preparations (suppositories and oral micronised). Proportion of women whose symptoms showed improvement with progestogens. Secondary analysis of efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in managing physical and behavioural symptoms. Results: Overall standardised mean difference for all trials that assessed efficacy of progesterone (by both routes of administration) was −0.028 (95% confidence interval −0.017 to −0.040). The odds ratio was 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) in favour of progesterone, indicating no clinically important difference between progesterone and placebo. For progestogens the overall standardised mean was −0.036 (−0.014 to −0.060), which corresponds to an odds ratio of 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) showing a statistically, but not clinically, significant improvement for women taking progestogens. Conclusion: The evidence from these meta-analyses does not support the use of progesterone or progestogens in the management of premenstrual syndrome. What is already known on this topic: The premenstrual syndrome affects about 1.5 million women in the United Kingdom There are numerous treatment options, progesterone being one of the most strongly advocated Progesterone and progestogens are among the most widely prescribed treatments for premenstrual syndrome in the United Kingdom and the United States What this study adds: There is no evidence to support the claimed efficacy of progesterone in the management of premenstrual syndrome There is insufficient evidence to make a definitive statement about progestogens, but current evidence suggests that they are not likely to be effective
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“Displaying summary statistics by group is helpful, because it allows an assessment of the severity of the problem in the studies (such as level of depression symptoms), which is not available from between-group results (that is, effect estimates).137”
From PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [137]
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Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n160 · Cited by 13,262
Management of functional somatic syndromes
Henningsen, P., Zipfel, S., & Herzog, W. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60159-7 · Cited by 741
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Poromaa, I. S., Comasco, E., Sumner, R. L., & Eileen Luders, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100856 · Cited by 217
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Rapkin, A. J., & Akopians, A. L. (2012) · Menopause international · doi:10.1258/mi.2012.012014 · Cited by 205
Metadata
- Authors
- Wyatt, K., Dimmock, P., Jones, P., Obhrai, M., & O'Brien, S.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust (GB)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-10-06
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 7316
- Pages
- 776
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC57352
- OpenAlex
- W2148616825
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- premenstrual syndrome, progesterone, progestogens, symptom improvement, treatment efficacy, placebo comparison
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Premenstrual Syndrome, Progestins, Progesterone, Odds Ratio, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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