Efficacy of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly being used as first-line therapy for severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We undertook a meta-analysis on the efficacy of SSRIs in this disorder.Methods We searched medical and scientific databases, approached pharmaceutical companies, and reviewed citations of relevant articles to identify 29 studies of the use of SSRIs in PMS. 14 were excluded (no placebo group, preliminary report of included trial, or low quality). 15 randomised placebo-controlled trials were included. Information on study design, participants, drugs used and dosing regimens, outcome measures, side-effects, and sources of funding was extracted. Standardised mean differences between treatment and placebo groups were calculated to obtain an overall estimate of efficacy. The primary outcome measure was a reduction in overall PMS symptoms.Findings The primary analysis included data on 904 women (570 assigned active treatment and 435 assigned placebo, including 101 in crossover trials). The overall standardised mean difference was -1.066 (95% CI -1.381 to -0.750), which corresponds to an odds ratio of 6.91 (3.90 to 12.2) in favour of SSRIs. SSRIs were effective in treating physical and behavioural symptoms. There was no significant difference in symptom reduction between continuous and intermittent dosing or between trials funded by pharmaceutical companies and those independently funded. Withdrawal due to side-effects was 2.5 times more likely in the active-treatment group than in the placebo group.Interpretation SSRIs are an effective first-line therapy for severe PMS. The safety of these drugs has been demonstrated in trials of affective disorder, and the side-effects at low doses are generally acceptable.
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SSRIs fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, and citalopram reduce several premenstrual syndrome symptoms.
“The SSRIs fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, and citalopram have been proven to reduce several premenstrual syndrome symptoms, although in some cases, side effects have also been reported with a dose-depended relationship [48,49].”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
In women with premenstrual syndrome and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, no recurrent episodes of yeast infection were reported during sertraline cure.
“Indeed, in these patients during the cure, no recurrent episodes of yeast infection were reported [48,50].”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Sertraline had positive effects in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
“Interestingly, sertraline had also positive effects in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.”
From Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
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“Two main treatment approaches have demonstrated consistent efficacy: suppression of ovulation(14) and treatment with antidepressants, mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.(16) Several large, well-designed, placebo-controlled studies have been reported that demonstrate the efficacy of the selective serotonin…”
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“In addition, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found highly effective in the treatment of PMDD, as compared with other non-SSRI drugs, which have been reported to be less effective (Eriksson et al., 1995; Yonkers et al., 1997; Dimmock et al., 2000).”
ResultSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndrome
Brown, J., O’Brien, P. M. S., Marjoribanks, J., & Wyatt, K. M. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001396.pub2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationAnsong, E., Arhin, S. K., Cai, Y., Xu, X., & Wu, X. (2019) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-019-0730-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
How does premenstrual dysphoric disorder relate to depression and anxiety disorders?
Landén, M., & Eriksson, E. (2003) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10089 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“, 1999], and also from a recent meta-analysis [Dimmock et al., 2000].”
BackgroundMethodIsmaili, E., Walsh, S., O'Brien, P., Bäckström, T., Brown, C. S., Dennerstein, L., Eriksson, E., Freeman, E., Ismail, K., Panay, N., et al. (2016) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0631-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationHalbreich, U. M., O’Brien, P. M. S., Eriksson, E., m, T. R. B. C., Yonkers, K. A., & Freeman, E. W. (2006) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200620070-00001 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationBusse, J. W., Montori, V. M., Krasnik, C., Patelis-Siotis, I., & Guyatt, G. H. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000162296 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“that did not recommend the use of psychotherapeutic intervention. However, the side effects of SSRIs are intolerable to many women with PMS, leading to high rates of withdrawal from treatment [”
BackgroundLass-Florl, C. (2001) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/48.6.775 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“SSRIs are increasingly being used as first-line therapy for severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and as antidepressants.(6) Recently, we found that sertraline (SSRI, Tresleen, Vienna, Austria) has in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida spp.”
BackgroundPsychological aspects of premenstrual syndrome
Indusekhar, R., Usman, S. B., & O’Brien, S. (2006) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.10.002 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Freeman, E. W., Rickels, K., Sondheimer, S. J., Polansky, M., & Xiao, S. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.343 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Are we going to increase the use of antidepressants up to that of benzodiazepines?
Ciuna, A., Andretta, M., Corbari, L., Levi, D., Mirandola, M., Sorio, A., & Barbui, C. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-004-0810-8 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sadler, C., Smith, H. E., Hammond, J., Bayly, R., Borland, S. E., Panay, N., Crook, D., & Inskip, H. M. (2010) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1210 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The Efficacy of Hypericum perforatum (St Johnʼs Wort) for the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome
Canning, S. E., Waterman, M. G., Orsi, N. M., Ayres, J., Simpson, N., & Dye, L. (2010) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11530120-000000000-00000 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“84) nor luteal (t [17] = 1.”
Premenstrual syndrome: new insights into etiology and review of treatment methods
Modzelewski, S., Oracz, A. J., Żukow, X., Iłendo, K., Śledzikowska, Z., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1363875 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Gu, W., Guo, D., Zhang, L., Xu, D., & Sun, S. (2016) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.03046-15 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are being used as antidepressants and as the first-line therapy for premenstrual syndrome (5).”
BackgroundTowbin, K. E., Vidal‐Ribas, P., Brotman, M. A., Pickles, A. R., Miller, K. V., Kaiser, A. J. E., Vitale, A. D., Engel, C., Overman, G. P., Davis, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Rapkin, A. J., & Lewis, E. I. (2013) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.13.62 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Halbreich, U. M. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900016849 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“91 ).(27) In a descriptive review,(28) SSRIs have even been declared as "the emerging gold standard" in the treatment of PMDD.”
BackgroundCohen, L. S., Soares, C. N., Yonkers, K. A., Bellew, K. M., Bridges, I. M., & Steiner, M. S. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000140005.94790.9c · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Prevalence, diagnostic considerations, and controversies
Di Giulio, G., & Reissing, E. D. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820600747269 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis [16] confirmed the effectiveness of SSRIs in the treatment of both the psychological and physical symptoms of PMDD, where SSRIs were found to be seven times more effective than placebo.”
MethodDiagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Bhatia, S. C., & Bhatia, S. K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Increase of Estrogen Dose Deteriorates Mood during Progestin Phase in Sequential Hormonal Therapy
Björn, I., Poromaa, I. S., Bixo, M., Nyberg, S., Bäckström, G., & Bäckström, T. C. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020755 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The serotonin system is of interest because serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are effective in treatment of the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (28) and because unopposed estrogen, as well as the combination of estrogen and progesterone, has the ability to modulate serotonin receptor expression.”
BackgroundHunter, M. S., Ussher, J. M., Cariss, M., Browne, S., Jelley, R., & Katz, M. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00338-0 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments have been found to be effective in the treatment of a number of psychological disorders, such as major depression [1,2] and panic disorder [3], as well as problems presenting with both physical and psychological symptoms, such as chronic fatigue [4], postnatal depr…”
BackgroundRational treatment choices for non-major depressions in primary care
Ackermann, R. T., & Williams, J. W. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10350.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
RAPID RESPONSE TO FLUOXETINE IN WOMEN WITH PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER
Steinberg, E. M., Cardoso, G., Martinez, P. E., Rubinow, D. R., & Schmidt, P. J. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21959 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Numerous placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the effects of SRIs in this condition,[1,19–32] and it was not the intention of this study to demonstrate the superior efficacy of SRIs compared with placebo.”
ResultFluoxetine improves functional work capacity in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Steiner, M. S., Brown, E., Trzepacz, P. T., Dillon, J., Berger, C., Carter, D., Reid, R. L., & Stewart, D. E. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-002-0162-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Available agents include citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine, which is also active at serotonin receptors (Dimmock et al., 2000; Steiner and Born, 2000).”
BackgroundSteiner, M. S., Hirschberg, A. L., Bergeron, R., Holland, F., Gee, M., & van Erp, E. J. M. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.01.021 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Premenstrual syndrome: management and pathophysiology
Imai, A., Ichigo, S., Matsunami, K., & Takagi, H. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.12891/ceog1770.2015 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Panahi, F., & Faramarzi, M. (2016) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2016/9816481 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Women with PMS reported a poorer quality of life and required increased pharmacological treatment [5].”
BackgroundLuteal Phase Administration of Agents for the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Freeman, E. W. (2004) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200418070-00004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Contraception counseling for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): current perspectives
Rapkin, A. J., Korotkaya, Y., & Taylor, K. C. (2019) · Open Access Journal of Contraception · doi:10.2147/oajc.s183193 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs and SNRIs augment serotonergic transmission and have shown efficacy for the treatment of PMDD.(52,53)”
BackgroundLandén, M., Eriksson, O., Sundblad, C., Andersch, B., Naessén, T., & Eriksson, E. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100718 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Premenstrual syndrome: From etiology to treatment
Milewicz, A., & Jędrzejuk, D. (2006) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.06.016 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Antifungal Activity againstCandidaSpecies of the Selective Serotonin‐Reuptake Inhibitor, Sertraline
Lass‐Flörl, C., Dierich, M. P., Fuchs, D., Semenitz, E. I., & Ledochowski, M. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/324589 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with mild physiological symptoms occurs in ∼95% of all women of reproductive age [1].”
BackgroundUssher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175068 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Japanese Collegiate Athletes
Takeda, T., Imoto, Y., Nagasawa, H., 美由紀, 室., & Shiina, M. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2014.07.006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
How and Why Are Irritability and Depression Linked?
Vidal‐Ribas, P., & Stringaris, A. K. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Evidence derived from adult samples indicates that SRIs might be efficacious in the treatment of irritability in depression [57], as well as in patients with intermittent explosive disorder [58] and those with premenstrual dysphoria [59].”
BackgroundEriksson, O., Wall, A. E., Marteinsdóttir, Í., Ågren, H., Hartvig, P., Blomqvist, G., Långström, B., & Naessén, T. (2006) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.02.012 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“most effective treatment known at present (Dimmock et al., 2000).”
BackgroundManagement of premenstrual syndrome
Panay, N. (2009) · Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1783/147118909788708147 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics—Possibilities and Implications
Caldara, M., & Marmiroli, N. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14090915 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“The SSRIs fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, and citalopram have been proven to reduce several premenstrual syndrome symptoms, although in some cases, side effects have also been reported with a dose-depended relationship [48,49].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Yoga on Women’s Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Kamalifard, M., Yavari, A., Jafarabadi, M. A., Ghaffarilaleh, G., & Kasb-Khah, A. (2017) · International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences · doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2017.37 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Role of Central Serotonergic Dysfunction in the Aetiology of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Parry, B. L. (2001) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200115040-00003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Vaginal Mucosa and Drug Delivery
das Neves, J., Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira, R., Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira, A., Rodrigues, F., & Sarmento, B. F. C. C. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118794203.ch05 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Pearlstein, T. (2002) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200262130-00004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“91 in favour of SSRIs over placebo.[33] This analysis included 12 studies with continuous dose administration of SSRIs and four studies with luteal phase dose administration of SSRIs.”
MethodResultAntidepressant treatments and human aggression
Bond, A. J. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.033 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Birzniece, V., Johansson, I., Wang, M., Seckl, J. R., Bäckström, T. C., & Olsson, T. (2001) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054679 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Interestingly the premenstrual mood change is effectively treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors [”
BackgroundFluoxetine disrupts food intake and estrous cyclicity in Fischer female rats
Uphouse, L. L., Hensler, J. G., Sarkar, J., & Grossie, B. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.033 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Antidepressant drug use in Lombardy, Italy: a population-based study
Percudani, M., Barbui, C., Fortino, I., & Petrovich, L. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.07.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“AD agents are indicated in the pharmacological treatment of major depression but, in recent years, new labels have been increasing the number of psychiatric disorders where these agents are indicated, and new patient populations, such as the elderly, children and adolescents, have been suggested as possible target of…”
BackgroundInoue, Y., Terao, T., Iwata, N., Okamoto, K., Kojima, H., Okamoto, T., Yoshimura, R., & Nakamura, J. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0607-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of premenstrual syndrome
Walsh, S., Ismaili, E., Naheed, B., & O'Brien, S. (2015) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12180 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Cronje, W., & Studd, J. W. W. (2002) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00070-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Symptom-Onset Treatment for Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Yonkers, K. A., Holthausen, G. A., Poschman, K., & Howell, H. B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000203197.03829.ae · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Approximately 70% of women with moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome or PMDD who receive serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) treatment, compared with 30% to 35% given placebo, can expect to feel totally well or nearly totally well.(3,4) Although initial research found that SRIs administered each day of the menstrua…”
BackgroundRole of Pharmacogenomics in Individualising Treatment with SSRIs
Mancama, D. T., & Kerwin, R. W. (2003) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200317030-00001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“[7-14] fective treatment can generate a recurrent pattern of Although for many of these illnesses other poor treatment response coupled with more severe psychotropic drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and persistent symptomatology.”
BackgroundPraschak-Rieder, N. (2002) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(01)00146-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Chinese herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome
Jing, Z., Yang, X., ISMAIL, K. M. K., Chen, X. Y., & Wu, T. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006414.pub2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndrome
Brown, J., O’Brien, P. M. S., Marjoribanks, J., & Wyatt, K. M. (2002) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001396 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy and Safety of Antidepressants in Patients With Comorbid Depression and Medical Diseases
Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Stiglbauer, V., Brasanac, J., Chae, W. R., Wagener, F., Zimbalski, K., Jefsen, O. H., Liu, S., Seals, M. R., Gamradt, S., et al. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2983 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Oboza, P., Ogarek, N., Wójtowicz, M., Rhaiem, T. B., Olszanecka‐Glinianowicz, M., & Kocełak, P. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16121911 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Schmitt, J. A. J., Jorissen, B. L., Dye, L., Markus, C. R., Deutz, N. E. P., & Riedel, W. J. (2005) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105053288 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The effect of bright light therapy on depression associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Krasnik, C., Montori, V. M., Guyatt, G. H., Heels-Ansdell, D., & Busse, J. W. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.01.055 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.685 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The effect of Crocus sativus (saffron) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome
Beiranvand, S. P., Beiranvand, N. S., Moghadam, Z. B., Birjandi, M., Azhari, S., Rezaei, E., Salehnia, A., & Beiranvand, S. (2015) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2015.06.003 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Serotonin Receptor 1A C(-1019)G Polymorphism Associated With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Dhingra, V., Magnay, J. L., O’Brien, P. M. S., Chapman, G., Fryer, A. A., & ISMAIL, K. M. K. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000284448.73490.ac · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dimmock, P. W., Wyatt, K. M., Jones, P. W., & O'Brien, P. S.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust (GB)
- Keele University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dimmock, Paul W
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 356
- Issue
- 9236
- Pages
- 1131-1136
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2119435034
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, premenstrual syndrome, drug efficacy, pharmaceutical industry funding, adverse drug reactions, first-line therapy
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Patient Dropouts, Premenstrual Syndrome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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