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Integrating qualitative research with trials in systematic reviews
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Research questionWhat is known about the barriers to, and facilitators of, fruit and vegetable intake among children aged 4-10 years?Synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies Controlled trials 1. Application of inclusion criteria 2. Quality assessment (n=33) 3. Data extraction 4. Quantitative synthesis (n=21) Qualitative trials 1. Application of inclusion criteria 2. Quality assessment (n=8) 3. Data extraction 4. Quantitative synthesis (n=8) Fig 1 Stages of the review Evidence for Policy
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“In general, the use to date of interpretive approaches to synthesis has been confined to the synthesis of qualitative research only [6-8].”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Methods for including qualitative and quantitative evidence in systematic reviews developed by the EPPI Centre at the Institute of Education, London, have involved refinements and extensions of conventional systematic review methodology [6-8], and have limited their application of interpretive techniques to synthesis of qualitative evidence.”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [8]
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Acupuncture for Managing Phantom-Limb Syndrome: A Systematic Review
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“19 Phase 1: Database Search A list of key words was drawn up for the terms acupuncture and phantom limb syndrome (see Box 1) with the assistance of a medical librarian and these key words were entered into the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Collection of Nursing and Allied Health…”
Cross-domain investigation of empirical practices
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3 – What constitutes evidence?
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“Assessing Confidence in Evidence As recommended by the Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group,(31) confidence in findings was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Qualitative Reviews (GRADECERQual) approach.(32) Four compon…”
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Using Qualitative Synthesis to Explore Heterogeneity of Randomized Trials on ICU Diaries*
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“Combining different types of data (qualitative research and RCTs) can reveal the relationship between different components of the ICU diaries and their effectiveness (10, 11).”
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Beckwith, S., Dickinson, A. M., & Kendall, S. A. (2009) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1741-6787.2009.00178.x · Cited by 8
“Much has been written regarding the integration of qualitative and quantitative studies within the same review (Thomas et al. 2004; Dixon-Woods et al. 2005; Harden & Thomas 2005) or the “phase method,” (Barton & Lazersfled 1952), where qualitative studies are used for hypothesis generation then…”
Reviewing methodologically disparate data: a practical guide for the patient safety research field
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Sistematik Derleme Metodolojisi ve Yazımı
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BackgroundSystematic Reviews Informing Occupational Therapy
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Vilafranca-Cartagena, M., Bonet, A., Colillas-Malet, E., Puiggrós-Binefa, A., & Tort‐Nasarre, G. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141373 · Cited by 3
“The knowledge acquired from the synthesis of qualitative studies allows the exploration of statistical heterogeneity in ways that are difficult to study with other methodologies [12].”
BackgroundYin, G., Macaden, L., Sivaramakrishnan, D., Wang, Y., Zhu, L., & Chong, H. (2024) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012241308625 · Cited by 4
“This review used a combination of quantitative and qualitative data (Thomas et al., 2004), and was conducted in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Moher et al., 2009).”
Timilsina, B. (2017) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1949-2.ch011 · Cited by 3
Les essais contrôlés randomisés. Une comparaison entre la médecine et l’économie
Jatteau, A. (2019) · Philosophia Scientae · doi:10.4000/philosophiascientiae.1933
The impact of systematic reviews on health care policy in England
Bunn, F. (2010) · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) · Cited by 3
Cranwell, M., Gavine, A. J., McSwiggan, L. C., & Kelly, T. B. (2018) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0755-0 · Cited by 3
“Synthesis of findings will be undertaken using a segregated approach [27, 28].”
Bower, P., & Gilbody, S. M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511861147.010 · Cited by 3
Drisko, J. W. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0045 · Cited by 3
Changing bodies: symptoms, body image, health and wellbeing over the menopausal transition
Pearce, G. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 3
Tadrous, R., Förster, A., Farrin, A. J., Coventry, P. A., & Clegg, A. P. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01835-3 · Cited by 2
Nichol, B., Ray, D., Tanner, L., Oliver, E. J., Vlaev, I., Sniehotta, F., & McGowan, L. J. (2026) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-026-01207-x · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Thomas, J., Harden, A., Oakley, A., Oliver, S., Sutcliffe, K., Rees, R., Brunton, G., & Kavanagh, J.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, James
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-04-22
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 7446
- Pages
- 1010-1012
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC404509
- OpenAlex
- W2015804289
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (acceptedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- fruit and vegetable intake, children, barriers and facilitators, dietary behavior, mixed methods synthesis, systematic review methodology
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Biomedical Research
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