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Integrating qualitative research with trials in systematic reviews
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Research questionWhat is known about the barriers to, and facilitators of, fruit and vegetable intake among children aged 4-10 years?Synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies Controlled trials 1. Application of inclusion criteria 2. Quality assessment (n=33) 3. Data extraction 4. Quantitative synthesis (n=21) Qualitative trials 1. Application of inclusion criteria 2. Quality assessment (n=8) 3. Data extraction 4. Quantitative synthesis (n=8) Fig 1 Stages of the review Evidence for Policy
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“In general, the use to date of interpretive approaches to synthesis has been confined to the synthesis of qualitative research only [6-8].”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Methods for including qualitative and quantitative evidence in systematic reviews developed by the EPPI Centre at the Institute of Education, London, have involved refinements and extensions of conventional systematic review methodology [6-8], and have limited their application of interpretive techniques to synthesis of qualitative evidence.”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [8]
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Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews
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Systematic reviews: CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care
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Clarifying differences between review designs and methods
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Self-citationSimkhada, B., Teijlingen, E. R. V., Porter, M., & Simkhada, P. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04532.x · Cited by 977
“Indeed, integrating different types of data within one review is one of the key challenges facing systematic reviewers (Thomas et al. 2004).”
BackgroundConducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: Lessons learnt
Atkins, S., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2008) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-8-21 · Cited by 981
Storylines of research in diffusion of innovation: a meta-narrative approach to systematic review
Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., Kyriakidou, O., & Peacock, R. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.001 · Cited by 913
Reviewing studies with diverse designs: the development and evaluation of a new tool
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“[5] provide an example of this in their systematic review of peer-delivered health promotion interventions for young people, one of a number of successful attempts at synthesizing and reviewing diverse studies [6,7].”
BackgroundMethodological guidance for the conduct of mixed methods systematic reviews
Stern, C., Lizarondo, L. M., Carrier, J., Godfrey, C. M., Rieger, K. L., Salmond, S. W., Apóstolo, J., Kirkpatrick, P., & Loveday, H. P. (2020) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00169 · Cited by 747
Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in sytematic reviews
Popay, J., Roberts, H. M., Sowden, A. J., Petticrew, M. P., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., & Britten, N. (2006) · Cited by 690
“Best fit” framework synthesis: refining the method
Carroll, C., Booth, A., Leaviss, J., & Rick, J. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-37 · Cited by 649
“However, this could be developed further were the technique to be used as a first stage in matrix-based synthesis methods to integrate qualitative and quantitative evidence to develop effective interventions [11,69,70].”
MethodEvaluating meta-ethnography: systematic analysis and synthesis of qualitative research
Campbell, R., Pound, P., Morgan, M., Daker-White, G., Britten, N., Pill, R., Yardley, L., Pope, C., & Donovan, J. (2011) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta15430 · Cited by 619
Keating, A., Lee, A., & Holland, A. E. (2011) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1479972310393756 · Cited by 583
“A previously described framework for synthesizing qualitative and quantitative data in systematic reviews was used.(13) For qualitative data, two reviewers (AK and AH) examined the descriptive themes and their associated data to determine overall themes emerging across studies; consensus was reached via discussion.”
MethodBooth, A. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0249-x · Cited by 542
Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions
Jackson, N., & Waters, E. (2005) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dai022 · Cited by 572
“The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating (EPPI) Centre has developed methods for synthesizing the findings from diverse types of studies within one review (Thomas et al., 2004b).”
BackgroundMethodThe Benefits and Challenges of Using Systematic Reviews in International Development Research
Mallett, R., Hagen-Zanker, J., Slater, R., & Duvendack, M. (2012) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439342.2012.711342 · Cited by 565
Noyes, J., Booth, A., Flemming, K., Garside, R., Harden, A., Lewin, S., Pantoja, T., Hannes, K., Cargo, M., & Thomas, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.020 · Cited by 480
“What is the likelihood of excluding valuable insights on the basis of quality? Consider if excluding a study will affect assessments of adequacy or coherence of qualitative synthesized findings [16]? Do multiple qualitative studies with methodological concerns report similar consistent findings? Need to report deviant…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNoyes, J., Booth, A., Moore, G., Flemming, K., Tunçalp, Ö., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000893 · Cited by 497
Young people and healthy eating: a systematic review of research on barriers and facilitators
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Carroll, C., Booth, A., & Cooper, K. (2011) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-29 · Cited by 461
“including qualitative data describing people’s attitudes and beliefs from satisfaction surveys as well as more traditional qualitative study designs [6,15].”
BackgroundInternet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom and in what circumstances
Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., & Pawson, R. (2010) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-12 · Cited by 457
“It contributes to an emerging field in systematic review, in which qualitative reviews are undertaken to supplement and extend the findings of meta-analyses and other quantitative reviews [85,86].”
Waller, R., & Gilbody, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004224 · Cited by 393
“In particular, we looked at missing data or areas of concern from the harder facts of the quantitative data and then looked to see if the richer but potentially less reliable qualitative data were able to give insight into these (Thomas et al .”
MethodSocially Assistive Robots in Elderly Care: A Mixed-Method Systematic Literature Review
Kachouie, R., Sedighadeli, S., Khosla, R., & Chu, M.-T. (2014) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2013.873278 · Cited by 435
“The quality of qualitative and quantitative studies was appraised by using frameworks developed by Spencer, Ritchie, Lewis, and Dillon (2003) and Thomas et al. (2004) respectively.”
BackgroundMethodCan We Systematically Review Studies That Evaluate Complex Interventions?
Shepperd, S., Lewin, S., Straus, S., Clarke, M., Eccles, M. P., Fitzpatrick, R., Wong, G., & Sheikh, A. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000086 · Cited by 408
“A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to healthy eating among children used qualitative evidence, unrelated to the trial data, to gain a better understanding of children’s perspectives [21].”
BackgroundSystematic review of the qualitative literature on return to work after injury
MacEachen, E., Clarke, J., Franche, R., Irvin, E., & Workplace-based Return to Work Literature Review Group (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1009 · Cited by 372
Methodological Issues in Combining Diverse Study Types in Systematic Reviews
Harden, A., & Thomas, J. (2005) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645570500155078 · Cited by 371
“We describe the overall approach and methods used in these reviews briefly before we reflect on the issues raised for mixing methods (for fuller descriptions see Harden et al., 2004; Oliver et al., in press; Thomas et al., 2004).”
MethodSelf-citationKrølner, R. F., Rasmussen, M., Brug, J., Klepp, K., Wind, M., & Due, P. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-112 · Cited by 372
“providing the children with fruit [64].”
BackgroundHewitt, C., Gilbody, S., Brealey, S., Paulden, M., Palmer, S., Mann, R., Green, J., Morrell, J., Barkham, M., Light, K., et al. (2009) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta13360 · Cited by 330
Morton, K. L., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K., Suhrcke, M., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12352 · Cited by 325
“Qualitative data were synthesized and analysed thematically using NVivo in three stages, such as (1) line-by-line coding of primary studies; (2) organising codes into themes and (3) development of analytical themes (23).”
MethodThe Association Between Chronic Low Back Pain and Sleep
Kelly, G. A., Blake, C. M., Power, C. K., O'Keeffe, D., & Fullen, B. M. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181f3bdd5 · Cited by 335
“Furthermore, the inclusion of qualitative research within systematic reviews may more adequately reflect the experience of the population in question, and therefore, lend to more appropriate and effective management.(34) Finally, although sleep disturbance and sleep quality encompass many factors, some studies reviewe…”
BackgroundFarrance, C., Tsofliou, F., & Clark, C. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.037 · Cited by 324
“The framework for this review followed the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre)method of integrating qualitative research with trials in systematic reviews (Thomas et al., 2004).”
MethodInfluentialHurley, M., Dickson, K., Hallett, R., Grant, R., Hauari, H., Walsh, N. E., Stansfield, C., & Oliver, S. R. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010842.pub2 · Cited by 322
Self-citationMills, S., White, M. J., Brown, H., Wrieden, W. L., Kwaśnicka, D., Halligan, J., Robalino, S., & Adams, J. M. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.022 · Cited by 307
“Guidance is available on combining quantitative and qualitative research in systematic reviews, which has become accepted practice (Heyvaert, Hannes, & Onghena, 2016; J. Thomas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethodBooth, A., Harris, J., Croot, E. J., Springett, J., Campbell, F., & Wilkins, E. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-118 · Cited by 296
Do patients want doctors to talk about spirituality? A systematic literature review
Best, M., Butow, P., & Olver, I. (2015) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.04.017 · Cited by 279
“By applying the three-stage method of Thomas and Harding [21] we were able to allow the qualitative synthesis to guide the analysis of the data and this enabled a richer picture of patient views to be developed than we would have achieved by simply determining factual answers to our research questions.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInnovation and entrepreneurship in the academic setting: a systematic literature review
Schmitz, A., Urbano, D., Dandolini, G. A., de Souza, J. A., & Guerrero, M. (2016) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-016-0401-z · Cited by 282
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Self-citationA mixed-methods approach to systematic reviews
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Mixed methods research synthesis: definition, framework, and potential
Heyvaert, M., Maes, B., & Onghena, P. (2011) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9538-6 · Cited by 311
“For example, in the MMRS of Thomas et al. (2004) the combining of 'quantitative' controlled-trial articles describing the effects of interventions that promoted healthy eating with 'qualitative' studies that examined the perspectives and understandings of children concerning barriers to and…”
BackgroundThe impact of chronic venous leg ulcers: a systematic review
Green, J., Jester, R., McKinley, R. K., & Pooler, A. (2014) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2014.23.12.601 · Cited by 259
A systematic review of decision support needs of parents making child health decisions
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Economic Self-Help group Programs for Improving Women's Empowerment: A Systematic Review
Brody, C., de Hoop, T., Vojtkova, M., Warnock, R., Dunbar, M. S., Murthy, P., & Dworkin, S. L. (2015) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.4073/csr.2015.19 · Cited by 228
“An integrated review has three stages: 1) a synthesis of quantitative effects, 2) a synthesis of relevant qualitative evidence, and 3) a synthesis of both summaries that “goes beyond” the primary studies and generates new interpretations or hypotheses (Harden, 2010; Thomas et al., 2004).”
MethodOliver, S., Harden, A., Rees, R., Shepherd, J., Brunton, G., Garcia, J., & Oakley, A. (2005) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1356389005059383 · Cited by 221
“Elsewhere we describe how we have built on this framework with a meta-analysis (Thomas et al., 2004).”
MethodSelf-citationBalancing rights and risks: Conflicting perspectives in the management of wandering in dementia
Robinson, L. A., Hutchings, D., Corner, L., Finch, T. L., Hughes, J. C., Brittain, K., & Bond, J. (2007) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698570701612774 · Cited by 229
“Our approach to analysing and integrating quantitative and qualitative data within a systematic review, similar to that of others (Thomas et al. 2004), has thus demonstrated benefits in both addressing gaps in the literature and in facilitating the interpretation of quantitative findings.”
MethodBridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making
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Methodological guidance for the conduct of mixed methods systematic reviews
Stern, C., Lizarondo, L. M., Carrier, J., Godfrey, C. M., Rieger, K. L., Salmond, S. W., Apóstolo, J., Kirkpatrick, P., & Loveday, H. P. (2021) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000282 · Cited by 214
Qualitative Research and Cochrane Reviews
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Petticrew, M. P., Anderson, L. M., Elder, R. W., Grimshaw, J., Hopkins, D. P., Hahn, R. A., Krause, L. K., Kristjansson, E., Mercer, S. L., Sipe, T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.06.004 · Cited by 214
“The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre has also described an approach to integrating qualitative and quantitative data, which may be of value [25].”
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The effects and experiences of goal setting in stroke rehabilitation – a systematic review
Sugavanam, T., Mead, G., Bulley, C., Donaghy, M., & van Wijck, F. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.690501 · Cited by 226
“(2004) [27], whereby data from quantitative and qualitative studies are extracted and analyzed separately and the findings are then synthesized accordingly to answer the research questions.”
BackgroundMethodFrom screening to synthesis: using nvivo to enhance transparency in qualitative evidence synthesis
Houghton, C., Murphy, K., Meehan, B., Thomas, J., Brooker, D., & Casey, D. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13443 · Cited by 273
Self-citationA mixed‐methods systematic review of the effects of mindfulness on nurses
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“Data analysis was conducted based on the framework of Thomas and Harden (2004).”
MethodLasserson, T. J., Thomas, J., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119536604.ch1 · Cited by 192
Self-citationExperience of Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Metasynthesis of Qualitative Research
Disler, R. T., Green, A., Luckett, T., Newton, P. J., Inglis, S. C., Currow, D. C., & Davidson, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.03.009 · Cited by 177
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“For the last synthesis, a matrix was constructed which laid out the barriers and facilitators identified by young people alongside descriptions of the interventions included in the indepth systematic review of trials [19].”
MethodSelf-citationRing, N., Ritchie, K., Mandava, L., & Jepson, R. G. (2011) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 168
Physical activity among South Asian women: a systematic, mixed-methods review
Babakus, W. Ş., & Thompson, J. L. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-150 · Cited by 167
“Qualitative data was synthesized and analysed thematically using NVIVO in three stages: 1) lineby-line coding of primary studies; 2) organising codes into themes; and 3) development of analytical themes [18].”
BackgroundMethodChallenges in Systematic Reviews of Educational Intervention Studies
Reed, D. A., Price‐Haywood, E. G., Windish, D. M., Wright, S. M., Gozu, A., Hsu, E. B., Beach, M. C., Kern, D. E., & Bass, E. B. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_2-200506211-00008 · Cited by 163
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Consumer understanding of nutrition and health claims: sources of evidence
Leathwood, P. D., Richardson, D. P., Sträter, P., Todd, P. M., & van Trijp, J. C. M. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711450778697x · Cited by 176
Campbell, F., Johnson, M., Messina, J., Preston, L. R., & Goyder, E. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-491 · Cited by 161
“This review adopts an approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data previously pioneered by the EPPI centre [16,17].”
MethodTime to rethink the systematic review catechism? Moving from ‘what works’ to ‘what happens’
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“and to illuminate intervention mechanisms [6].”
Noyes, J., Booth, A., Cargo, M., Flemming, K., Harden, A., Harris, J., Garside, R., Hannes, K., Tomás Pantoja, C., & Thomas, J. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119536604.ch21 · Cited by 161
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“In particular, it is more common to use qualitative methods to develop the design, conduct, outcomes and efficiency of clinical trials(86) or to enable health professionals, service users and other stakeholders to contribute their views and experiences to evaluation of treatments, interventions, policies or methodolog…”
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Who decides what evidence is? Developing a multiple perspectives paradigm in mental health
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Damned if you do, damned if you don't: subgroup analysis and equity
Petticrew, M. P., Tugwell, P., Kristjansson, E., Oliver, S. R., Ueffing, E., & Welch, V. A. (2011) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2010.121095 · Cited by 159
Self-citationSystematic synthesis of barriers and facilitators to service user-led care planning
Bee, P., Price, O., Baker, J. A., & Lovell, K. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152447 · Cited by 158
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Synthesising quantitative and qualitative research in evidence-based patient information
Goldsmith, M. R., Bankhead, C. R., & Austoker, J. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.046110 · Cited by 142
Harden, A., Thomas, J., Cargo, M., Harris, J., Tomás Pantoja, C., Flemming, K., Booth, A., Garside, R., Hannes, K., & Noyes, J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.11.029 · Cited by 157
Self-citationMaking evidence synthesis more useful for management and policy-making
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A Conceptual Framework for Critical Appraisal in Systematic Mixed Studies Reviews
Hong, Q. N., & Pluye, P. (2019) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689818770058 · Cited by 139
Flemming, K., Graham, H. M., Heirs, M. K., Fox, D., & Sowden, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12066 · Cited by 138
“In other areas of public health, systematic reviews of qualitative evidence are beginning to fill this gap (Graham & McDermott 2006, Noyes & Popay 2007, Thomas et al. 2004).”
BackgroundLorenc, T., Petticrew, M. P., Whitehead, M. M., Neary, D., Clayton, S., Wright, K. E., Thomson, H., Cummins, S., Sowden, A. J., & Renton, A. M. (2014) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr02020 · Cited by 143
Sutcliffe, K., Thomas, J., Stokes, G., Hinds, K., & Bangpan, M. (2015) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0126-z · Cited by 139
“the views and experiences of intervention recipients or providers [23, 24].”
BackgroundSelf-citation‘Into the Wild’: A meta-synthesis of talking therapy in natural outdoor spaces
Cooley, S. J., Jones, C. R., Kurtz, A., & Robertson, N. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101841 · Cited by 159
Robinson, L. A., Hutchings, D., Dickinson, H. O., Corner, L., Beyer, F. R., Finch, T. L., Hughes, J. C., Vanoli, A., Ballard, C. G., & Bond, J. B. (2006) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1643 · Cited by 133
“However there is no consensus regarding the formal synthesis of such data within a systematic review (Dixon-Woods et al., 2004; Thomas et al., 2004).”
Synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research: an example using Critical Interpretive Synthesis
Flemming, K. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05173.x · Cited by 146
Brown, B. B., Patel, C., McInnes, E., Mays, N., Young, J. M., & Haines, M. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1615-z · Cited by 136
“Review methods were adapted for a mixed methods systematic review using the framework outlined by Thomas and colleagues [25, 26] which allows independent syntheses of quantitative and qualitative studies followed by integration of findings.”
MethodCultural factors influencing self-care by persons with cardiovascular disease: An integrative review
Osokpo, O. H., & Riegel, B. J. (2019) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.014 · Cited by 126
Robinson, L. A., Hutchings, D., Corner, L., Beyer, F. R., Dickinson, H. O., Vanoli, A., Finch, T. L., Hughes, J., Ballard, C. G., May, C. R., et al. (2006) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta10260 · Cited by 127
Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology
Biggerstaff, D. L. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/38931 · Cited by 127
“Alternatively, researchers might synthesize the evidence from the research data across several qualitative and / or quantitative studies in order to elaborate further on the research context concerned (Pope et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAdvance Care Planning for Adults With CKD: A Systematic Integrative Review
Luckett, T., Sellars, M., Tieman, J., Pollock, C. A., Silvester, W., Butow, P. N., Detering, K. M., Brennan, F. P., & Clayton, J. M. (2014) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.12.007 · Cited by 121
Baxter, S. K., Killoran, A., Kelly, M. P., & Goyder, E. (2010) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.01.002 · Cited by 116
Integrating HIV and substance use services: a systematic review
Haldane, V. E., Cervero‐Liceras, F., Chuah, F. L. H., Ong, S. E., Murphy, G. A. V., Sigfrid, L., Watt, N. F., Balabanova, D., Hogarth, S., Maimaris, W., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.7448/ias.20.1.21585 · Cited by 120
Older people’s adherence to community-based group exercise programmes: a multiple-case study
Killingback, C., Tsofliou, F., & Clark, C. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4049-6 · Cited by 140
“This was used to assess the extent to which the quantitative interventions incorporated the analytic themes identified in the qualitative synthesis (Thomas et al. 2004).”
MethodO’Donovan, C., & O’Donovan, J. (2017) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12319 · Cited by 116
Carr, S. M., Lhussier, M., Forster, N., Geddes, L., Deane, K. H., Pennington, M., Visram, S., White, M. J., Michie, S., Donaldson, C., et al. (2011) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta15090 · Cited by 115
Davies, F., Shepherd, H. L., Beatty, L., Clark, B., Butow, P., & Shaw, J. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17362 · Cited by 110
“We analyzed the articles using a 3-stage synthesis process that combined qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies comprehensively and rigorously to answer the review question, following the methods of Thomas et al [20].”
MethodAitchison, B., Rushton, A. B., Martin, P., Barr, M., Soundy, A., & Heneghan, N. R. (2021) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101164 · Cited by 110
Rees, R., Oliver, K., Woodman, J., & Thomas, J. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-188 · Cited by 109
Self-citationYoung people's views of UK mental health services
Plaistow, J., Masson, K., Koch, D. G., Wilson, J., Stark, R. M., Jones, P. B., & Lennox, B. (2013) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12060 · Cited by 106
“Previous reviews have highlighted a lack of highquality evidence available in this field with many studies failing to meet basic standards of methodological reporting.(38) In this review, a high proportion of studies were reliant on highly selected samples (over two thirds), often using non-independent researchers and…”
BackgroundIMPRoving Outcomes for children exposed to domestic ViolencE (IMPROVE): an evidence synthesis
Howarth, E., Moore, T. H., Welton, N. J., Lewis, N. V., Stanley, N., MacMillan, H. L., Shaw, A. R. G., Hester, M., Bryden, P. A., & Feder, G. S. (2016) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr04100 · Cited by 112
“Syntheses of qualitative evidence may illuminate why an intervention is effective (or not), how it brings benefits (or otherwise) and how it could be optimised.(145,146) Qualitative syntheses may also highlight a broader range of benefits, or indeed harms, that are not captured in the relatively small number of primar…”
BackgroundLawrence, M., & Kinn, S. (2011) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00683.x · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Thomas, J., Harden, A., Oakley, A., Oliver, S., Sutcliffe, K., Rees, R., Brunton, G., & Kavanagh, J.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, James
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-04-22
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 7446
- Pages
- 1010-1012
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC404509
- OpenAlex
- W2015804289
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (acceptedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- fruit and vegetable intake, children, barriers and facilitators, dietary behavior, mixed methods synthesis, systematic review methodology
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Biomedical Research
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