Cited by 577Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric AcidDiet, Metabolism, and DiseaseNutritional Studies and Diet

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Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study

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Choi, Hyon K, Curhan, Gary·2008·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.39449.819271.bePMC PMC2234536

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks and fructose and the risk of incident gout in men. DESIGN: Prospective cohort over 12 years. SETTING: Health professionals follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS: 46 393 men with no history of gout at baseline who provided information on intake of soft drinks and fructose through validated food frequency questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident cases of gout meeting the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout. RESULTS: During the 12 years of follow-up 755 confirmed incident cases of gout were reported. Increasing intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks was associated with an increasing risk of gout. Compared with consumption of less than one serving of sugar sweetened soft drinks a month the multivariate relative risk of gout for 5-6 servings a week was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.68), for one serving a day was 1.45 (1.02 to 2.08), and for two or more servings a day was 1.85 (1.08 to 3.16; P for trend=0.002). Diet soft drinks were not associated with risk of gout (P for trend=0.99). The multivariate relative risk of gout according to increasing fifths of fructose intake were 1.00, 1.29, 1.41, 1.84, and 2.02 (1.49 to 2.75; P for trend <0.001). Other major contributors to fructose intake such as total fruit juice or fructose rich fruits (apples and oranges) were also associated with a higher risk of gout (P values for trend <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective data suggest that consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks and fructose is strongly associated with an increased risk of gout in men. Furthermore, fructose rich fruits and fruit juices may also increase the risk. Diet soft drinks were not associated with the risk of gout.

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Authors: Choi, H. K., & Curhan, G.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Choi, Hyon K
ORCID: Choi, Hyon K
Curhan, Gary
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2008-01-31
Volume: 336
Issue: 7639
Pages: 309-312
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39449.819271.be
PMC: PMC2234536
OpenAlex: W2063161169
Cited by: 577
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 36.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.org/licenses/tdm/1.0/terms-and-conditions.html (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Arthritis Society
National Institutes of Health (CA55075)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-11181, R01AA011181)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
National Cancer Institute (CA-55075)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-58573)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: gout, sugar-sweetened beverages, fructose consumption, diet soft drinks, fruit juice, men, hyperuricemia, dietary risk factors
MeSH terms: Alcohol Drinking, Beverages, Diet, Epidemiologic Methods, Fructose, Gout, Humans, Male, Body Mass Index

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Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study

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